中华苏维埃共和国的乡村治理制度建设  

The Construction of Rural Governance System in the Chinese Soviet Republic

作　　者：谢开贤 胡艳玲 Xie Kaixian;Hu Yanling(School of Political Science and Law,Hanshan Normal University,Chaozhou 521041)

机构地区：[1]韩山师范学院政法学院,潮州521041

出　　处：《西部学刊》2024年第24期125-128,共4页Journal of Western

基　　金：韩山师范学院2021年教授(博士)启动项目“中华苏维埃共和国乡村治理研究”(编号:QD202139)的研究成果。

摘　　要：为了调动以农民为主体的广大群众革命的积极性和巩固革命成果,中华苏维埃共和国颁布了一系列法律法规。苏区土地法是土地革命的总依据,所有封建地主、豪绅、军阀、官僚以及其他大私有主的土地,无论自己经营或出租,一概无任何代价地实行没收。对于富农,土地法规定在没收其土地后,“可以分得较坏的劳动份地”,并且必须自己耕种。其目的在于摧毁封建的生产关系,满足广大农民对土地的要求。无论男女、宗教、民族,都享有选举权和被选举权,而富农等八类人则无选举权与被选举权。苏区还颁布了一些关于教育的专门法规文件,初步构建起了苏区乡村教育制度。此外,在社会保障、婚姻家庭及社会改造等方面也有具体的法律规定,构建起一套较为完整的苏区乡村治理制度。苏区的乡村治理制度建设,作为中国革命历史中的一项重要实践,不仅在当时具有深远的社会影响,也为后来的乡村治理提供了宝贵的经验和启示,对于推进当前中国特色社会主义乡村治理无疑具有重要的意义。In order to mobilize the revolutionary enthusiasm of the masses led by farmers and consolidate the revolutionary achievements,the Chinese Soviet Republic promulgated a series of laws and regulations.The Land Law of the Soviet Area was the general basis for the land revolution.All land owned by feudal landlords,gentry,warlords,bureaucrats,and other large private owners,whether operated or leased,was confiscated without any compensation.For wealthy farmers,the Land Law stipulates that after confiscating their land,they can“receive a inferior share of labor land”and must cultivate it themselves.Its purpose is to destroy feudal production relations and meet the farmers’demand for land.Regardless of gender,religion,or ethnicity,everyone(except for eight categories of people including wealthy farmers)has the right to vote and be elected.The Soviet area also issued some specialized regulations and documents on education,and initially established a rural education system in the Soviet area.In addition,there are specific legal provisions in areas such as social security,marriage and family,and social transformation,establishing a relatively complete rural governance system in the Soviet area.The construction of the rural governance system in the Soviet areas,as an important practice in the history of the Chinese revolution,not only had a profound social impact at that time,but also provided valuable experience and inspiration for later rural governance.It undoubtedly has important significance for promoting the current socialist rural governance with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：中华苏维埃共和国 乡村治理制度 中国共产党 农民 

分 类 号：K263[历史地理—历史学] D231[历史地理—中国史]