重液分选茶卡北山水系沉积物及其对伟晶岩型锂矿床探矿的指示意义  

Heavy-Fluid Separation of the North Caka Mountain Stream Sediment and its Significance to Search Pegmatite Lithium Ore

作　　者：吕翰羿 程怀德[1,2] 李斌凯 马海州[1,2] 李永寿 韩文华[1,2] 王金思 LÜHanyi;CHENG Huaide;LI Binkai;MA Haizhou;LI Yongshou;HAN Wenhua;WANG Jinsi(Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources,Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining,810008,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes,Xining,810008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,中国科学院盐湖资源综合高效利用重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [2]青海省盐湖地质与环境重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《盐湖研究》2024年第6期78-86,共9页Journal of Salt Lake Research

基　　金：青海省重点研发与转化计划项目(2023-SF-113)。

摘　　要：伟晶岩型锂矿是最重要的锂金属来源之一,由于在时间、空间和构造背景方面存在显著的不均一性,该型矿床目前尚无有效的探矿方法。在迁移搬运过程中,水系沉积物保留了蚀源区矿物信息,利用其元素和矿物组成,可在一定程度上还原沉积物物源区的矿物组成特征。分析水系沉积物中含锂重矿物的亏损与富集以及粒径的变化,是伟晶岩型锂矿探矿的有效方法之一。文章以茶卡北山流域的水系沉积物为研究对象,经逐级精细化地重液分选,实现了重、轻质矿物的有效分选。结果表明,河流过程可以对水系沉积物中的锂含量产生较大的影响,无支流时的搬运距离越远,水系沉积物中的锂含量越少,支流混合可以对水系沉积物中的锂含量产生正相关影响。重液分选方法对水系沉积物含锂矿物产生了有效的富集作用,主要富集锂元素的载体为云母类矿物,锂元素含量较未分选前提高3~14倍,且在分选后产生了明显的矿物组成差异。这种变化规律可用于对含锂伟晶岩矿物的指示与追踪,因此水系沉积物的重液分选法是伟晶岩型锂矿床探矿的重要指示方法。The pegmatite deposit is one of the important sources of lithium.Due to the heterogeneity in time,space,and structure,the exploration of pegmatite deposit is difficult.During the migration process,the stream sediment could retain mineral information about the source area.Therefore,analyzing the elements and minerals of the stream sediment can reconstruct the composition characteristics of the source area.One of the effective methods to searching for pegmatite lithium deposits is to investigate the depletion and enrichment of lithium heavy minerals in the stream sediment,as well as changes in particle size.The research object of this article is the stream sediment of the North Caka mountain.After refined heavy-fluid separation work,the separation of heavy and light minerals has been achieved.Experimental results indicate that the heavy-fluid separation method has an enrichment effect on lithium minerals in sediment.Fluvial processes can influence the lithium in stream sediments.With the farther the transport distance,the less lithium in the stream sediments.Stream mixing can have a positive effect on the lithium in stream sediment.The carrier of lithium is mica minerals those enrich lithium.The lithium content increases by 3 to 14 times compared to before sorting,and there is a significant difference in mineral composition after sorting.This change can find lithium bearing pegmatite minerals.Therefore,the heavy-fluid separation of stream sediment is an important indicator method for the exploration of pegmatite lithium ore.

关 键 词：茶卡北山 伟晶岩型锂矿床 水系沉积物 重液分选实验 地球化学探矿 

分 类 号：P736.21[天文地球—海洋地质]