聚合物固态电解质的研究进展  

Research Progress of Polymer Solid Electrolyte

作　　者：宋彦 马静 秦恩博 李楠 刘国栋 王青磊 上官雪慧 贾国凤[2] 李法强 SONG Yan;MA Jing;QIN Enbo;LI nan;LIU Guodong;WANG Qinglei;SHANGGUAN Xuehui;JIA Guofeng;LI Faqiang(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Linyi University,Linyi,276005,China;Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining,810008,China)

机构地区：[1]临沂大学材料科学与工程学院,山东临沂276005 [2]中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《盐湖研究》2024年第6期94-104,共11页Journal of Salt Lake Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22209065);青海省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2025年度张丽娟);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2024ME183,ZR2021QE039,ZR2021QE149);山东省高等学校青年创新团队人才引育计划(鲁教科函〔2021〕51号);临沂大学校级教改目录(JG2022M41)。

摘　　要：锂电池已广泛应用于各个领域,尤其是新能源汽车产业的飞速发展,对锂电池的安全性和能量密度提出了更高的要求。目前商业化的锂电池普遍采用以碳酸酯有机溶剂和锂盐为主的液态电解质,但存在易泄漏、易燃烧,甚至爆炸等安全隐患,严重阻碍了高性能锂电池的发展。相比于液态电解质,聚合物固态电解质能够有效克服上述液态电解质的缺陷,具有安全性好、电池能量密度高等优点。聚合物基质材料是聚合物固态电解质的关键,研发高性能聚合物固态电解质已成为研究人员关注的焦点。基于此,文章主要综述了聚合物固态电解质的发展历程及分类,重点总结了聚环氧乙烷(PEO)及其衍生物、聚碳酸酯(PPC)、聚丙烯腈(PAN)、聚硅氧烷(PDMS)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)等基质材料的研究现状、优缺点及改性策略。此外,对有机无机复合固态电解质进行了阐述。最后,展望了聚合物固态电解质的发展趋势。Lithium batteries have been widely used in various fields of society.It is noted that the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry puts forward higher requirements for the safety and energy density of lithium batteries.However,currently commercial lithium batteries generally use liquid electrolytes composed of carbonate organic solvents and lithium salts,which exhibits potential safety hazards such as easy leakage,flammability and even explosion,seriously hindering the development of highperformance lithium batteries.Compared with liquid electrolytes,polymer solid electrolytes can effectively overcome the above-mentioned defects of liquid electrolytes,and possess the advantages of good safety and high battery energy density.The polymer matrix material is the key to polymer solid electrolytes,and the development of high-performance polymer solid electrolytes has became the focus of systematic study by researchers.Based on this,the history and classification of polymer solid electrolytes were reviewed in this paper,focusing on research status,advantages/disadvantages and modification strategies of matrix materials such as polyethylene oxide(PEO)and its derivatives,polycarbonate,polyacrylonitrile(PAN),polysiloxane(PDMS),polyvinylidene difluoride(PVDF),polymethacrylate(PMMA)and others.In addition,the organic-inorganic composite solid electrolytes were expounded.Finally,the development trend of polymer solid electrolytes were prospected.

关 键 词：锂电池 固态电解质 聚合物电解质 复合固态电解质 

分 类 号：O646.21[理学—物理化学]