日光温室栽培对果桑生长、产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Greenhouse Cultivation on Growth,Yield and Quality of Mulberry

作　　者：万永辉 龚明 阿巴白克·扎克 阿不都赛买提·艾买提 丁天龙 WAN Yonghui;GONG Ming;Ababake Zak;Abdusaimaiti Aimaiti;DING Tianlong(Xinjiang Hetian Sericultural Research Institute,Hetian Xinjiang 848000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆和田蚕桑科学研究所,新疆和田848000

出　　处：《北方蚕业》2024年第4期11-15,共5页North Sericulture

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-18);和田地区本级科技计划项目(202310)。

摘　　要：为探明温室与露地栽培果桑生长、产量和品质的差异,对4个果桑品种在温室和露地两种栽培模式的物候期、产量和品质进行了比较与分析。结果表明:与露地栽培相比,4个果桑品种温室栽培条件下开花期提前了99~101 d,成熟提前了84~90 d,从脱苞至成熟持续时间延长了7~17 d;温室栽培条件下桑果外形和单果重显著变小,单芽坐果数显著降低,米条结果数也出现不同程度的下降,除红果3号外,其他3个品种单株产量显著降低;温室栽培果桑可溶性固形物、还原性糖、粗蛋白和维生素C含量均不同程度低于露地栽培果桑;两种栽培模式下桂花蜜和胖果总酸含量变化不显著,而红果3号和日本甜椹总酸含量在温室栽培条件下则显著升高。温室果桑品质总体差于露地栽培,除不耐寒的红果3号外,产量也低于露地栽培。To investigate the differences in growth,yield,and quality between mulberry cultivated in greenhouses and open fields,a comparative analysis was conducted on four mulberry varieties under both cultivation modes,focusing on phenological phases,yield,and quality.The results indicated that,the flowering time of 4 mulberry varieties in greenhouse was 99d~101d earlier,the maturity was 84d~90d earlier,with the duration from bud break to maturity extended by 7 to 17 days compared to open-field cultivation.Under greenhouse conditions,the fruit shape and individual fruit weight of mulberries significantly decreased,the number of fruits set per bud significantly reduced,and the number of fruiting branches also showed varying degrees of decline.Except for variety Hongguo 3,the individual yield of the other three varieties significantly decreased.The soluble solids,reducing sugars,crude protein,and vitamin C content in mulberries grown in greenhouses were all lower to varying extents compared to those grown in open fields.The total acid content of Guihuami and Pangguo did not show significant variation between the two cultivation modes;however,the total acid content of Hongguo 3 and Japanese sweet mulberry significantly increased under greenhouse conditions.Overall,the quality of greenhouse-grown mulberries was inferior to that of open-field cultivation,and except for the cold-intolerant Hongguo No.3,the yield was also lower than that of open-field cultivation.

关 键 词：桑果 温室栽培 露地栽培 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S628[农业科学—园艺学] S663.9