马克思《哥达纲领批判》中的正义观特质及其启示  

The Characteristics and Implications of Justice in Marx's Critique of the Gotha Program

作　　者：赵子明 Zhao Ziming(School of Public Administration,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《齐鲁师范学院学报》2024年第6期62-70,共9页Journal of Qilu Normal University

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“市场逻辑泛化的伦理反思”(项目编号:23BZX089)。

摘　　要：古今中外许多学者从不同角度对正义问题进行了讨论,上世纪70年代以来正义问题更是成为热门话题,马克思与正义问题也引起了广泛论争。马克思虽未对正义问题进行系统论述,但在《哥达纲领批判》中通过对拉萨尔正义理论进行批判的方式,向我们展现了他本人的正义观。马克思对拉萨尔关于正义的基础、不正义产生的原因、怎样才是正义的以及如何实现正义等观点都进行了批判。马克思正义观基于对生产的分析,对资本主义生产方式的批判,最终指向人的自我实现、人的自由而全面发展。以历史唯物主义为基础的马克思正义观,具有与众不同的特质,其超越了分配正义,不是要求改良社会而是要对社会进行彻底的改造,是具有历史性的。马克思正义观启示我们应当正确对待正义:不应认为正义可以解决一切社会问题,但也不应因此否定正义,当今社会实现正义仍是必要的,通过按劳分配减少贫富差距,有利于人和社会的发展。Many scholars from ancient and modern times,both at home and abroad,have discussed the issue of justice from different perspectives.Since the 1970s,the issue of justice has become a hot topic,and Marx and the issue of justice have also sparked widespread debate.Although Marx did not systematically discuss the issue of justice,in his Critique of the Gotha Program,he presented his own view of justice by criticizing Lassalle's theory of justice.Marx criticized Lassalle's views on the foundation of justice,the causes of injustice,what constitutes justice,and how to achieve justice.Marx's view of justice is based on an analysis of production,a critique of the capitalist mode of production,and ultimately points towards human self-realization,freedom,and comprehensive development.The Marxist view of justice based on historical materialism has unique characteristics that go beyond distributive justice.It is not a demand for improving society,but a thorough transformation of society,which is historic.Marx's view of justice inspires us to treat justice correctly:we should not believe that justice can solve all social problems,but we should not deny justice because of this.Achieving justice in today's society is still necessary,and reducing the wealth gap through distribution according to work is beneficial to the development of people and society.

关 键 词：马克思 《哥达纲领批判》 正义 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]