90岁及以上患者异常心电图特征的性别差异分析  

Analysis on sexual differences of abnormal ECG characteristics in patients aged 90 and above

作　　者：穆耶赛尔·麦麦提明 刘惠娟 王芳丽 冯艳[1] MAIMAITIMING Muyesaier;LIU Huijuan;WANG Fangli;FENG Yan(Department of Electrocardiography,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital,Urumqi Xinjiang 830001,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院心电学科,新疆乌鲁木齐830001

出　　处：《实用心电学杂志》2024年第6期584-587,594,共5页Journal of Practical Electrocardiology

基　　金：“天山英才”医药卫生高层次人才培养计划项目(TSYC202301A050);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2024D01C109);新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目计划(指令性)项目(2021E02051)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨90岁及以上老年人异常心电图的特征及其临床意义。方法 回顾性分析204例年龄为90岁及以上患者的住院资料,将患者按性别分为两组(男114例、女90例),对比并分析两组间基础临床资料、空腹血糖、血脂、肝肾功能、B型脑钠肽、心电图及心脏超声检查结果。结果 女性组入院时的收缩压和甘油三酯水平显著高于男性组(P<0.05),男性组肌酐及尿素氮水平显著高于女性组(P<0.05)。在76.5%的人群中可观察到窦性心律;最常见的心电图异常按检出率由高到低依次为ST-T改变(46.1%)、房性早搏(22.1%)、一度房室阻滞(22.1%)、右束支阻滞(19.6%)和心房颤动(13.7%)。男性组心房扑动、房性早搏、室性早搏、右束支阻滞、一度房室阻滞、左前分支阻滞的检出率均高于女性组。结论 在年龄90岁及以上的住院患者中,心电图异常较为常见,主要表现为ST-T改变、房性早搏、一度房室阻滞、右束支阻滞和心房颤动。这些异常心电图特征在不同性别间的分布存在差异。Objective To explore the characteristics of abnormal ECGs in elderly population aged 90 and above as well as their clinical significance.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 204 hospitalized patients aged 90 and above.These patients were divided into two groups based on sex(114 males and 90 females).Baseline clinical data,fasting blood glucose,blood lipids,liver and kidney function,brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),ECG,and echocardiography examination results were compared and analyzed between the two groups.Results Systolic blood pressure and triglyceride levels at admission were significantly higher in the female group compared to the male group(P<0.05),while creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly higher in the male group(P<0.05).Sinus rhythm was observed in 76.5% of the patients.According to the detection rate from high to low,the most common ECG abnormalities were ST-T changes(46.1%),atrial premature beats(22.1%),first-degree atrioventricular block(22.1%),right bundle branch block(19.6%),and atrial fibrillation(13.7%) in order.The detection rates of atrial flutter,atrial premature beats,premature ventricular contraction,right bundle branch block,first-degree atrioventricular block,and left anterior fascicular block were all higher in the male group than those in the female group.Conclusion ECG abnormalities are common in hospitalized patients aged 90 and above,primarily manifesting as ST-T changes,atrial premature beats,first-degree atrioventricular block,right bundle branch block,and atrial fibrillation.The distribution of these ECG abnormalities differs between different sexes.

关 键 词：高龄 心电图 心房颤动 心律失常 

分 类 号：R540.41[医药卫生—心血管疾病]