涂层改性策略在血液接触材料研究中的应用与展望  

Application and Prospects of Coating Modification Strategies in Blood Contact Material Research

作　　者：任星蓉 余涛 王云兵 REN Xingrong;YU Tao;WANG Yunbing(Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory(Frontiers Medical Center),Chengdu 610096,China;College of Biomedical Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]天府锦城实验室(前沿医学中心),成都610096 [2]四川大学生物医学与工程学院,成都610065

出　　处：《表面技术》2024年第23期46-60,共15页Surface Technology

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2024NSFSC1009);天府锦城实验室(前沿医学中心)课题基金(TFJC2024020008)。

摘　　要：从生物学角度出发,分析探讨了导致血液接触材料失效的凝血与炎症机制,着重介绍了生物惰性涂层、生物活性涂层和仿生内皮化涂层的研究策略,并探讨了其临床应用前景。研究表明,生物惰性涂层可以通过抑制蛋白吸附和减少免疫排斥反应来延长材料的使用寿命;生物活性涂层则通过引入抗凝、抗炎及促内皮化等活性分子提升血液相容性;仿生内皮化涂层能够模仿天然内皮细胞及细胞微环境功能,促进材料表面内皮化并减少血栓形成。尽管这些涂层策略已取得显著进展,但涂层的稳定性及功能持久性仍存在挑战。未来的研究需进一步优化涂层设计方案,以实现多功能涂层在临床中的应用,特别是在心血管疾病治疗领域。Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are the leading cause of death globally,making the development of effective treatments a critical focus for researchers and clinicians.Blood contact materials are indispensable in managing these diseases,particularly in devices like vascular stents,heart valves,and artificial blood vessels.However,their clinical application is often hindered by significant challenges,including thrombosis,inflammatory reactions,and eventual device failure.These issues primarily stem from the complex interactions between blood components and material surfaces,which triggers adverse biological responses.To address these challenges,researchers have devoted considerable effort to surface modification strategies aimed at enhancing the hemocompatibility of blood contact materials.The mechanisms of coagulation and inflammation that underlie these complications are reviewed,followed by a comprehensive discussion of the strategies designed to overcome the complications.Surface modification techniques are categorized into bioinert coatings,bioactive coatings,and biomimetic endothelialization.Bioinert coatings are designed to reduce protein adsorption,platelet adhesion,and immune system activation by altering surface properties such as wettability,charge,and roughness.Ceramic coatings like silicon carbide(SiC),diamond-like carbon(DLC),and titanium nitride(TiN)are commonly used for this purpose.These materials have shown significant promise in minimizing platelet adhesion and inflammatory responses.For example,DLC coatings,characterized by their smooth and hydrophobic properties,are widely employed in cardiovascular devices due to their ability to enhance hemocompatibility.Such coatings are particularly effective in reducing the risk of thrombosis and prolonging the functional lifespan of medical implants.Bioactive coatings take a more interactive approach,leveraging biological agents to actively modulate the responses of the body.These coatings incorporate anticoagulants like heparin and warfarin or anti-inflamma

关 键 词：血液接触材料 表面改性涂层 凝血 炎症 仿生内皮化 血液相容性 

分 类 号：R318.0[医药卫生—生物医学工程]