新型防落梁、抗倾覆球钢支座力学性能分析及应用  

Falling-off Prevention and Anti-overturning Mechanical Property Analysis and Application of New Type of Ball Steel Bearing

作　　者：米孝生[1] 陈伟[1] 陈海斌[1] 郭泰广 MI Xiao-sheng;CHEN Wei;CHEN Hai-bin;GUO Tai-guang(Guangdong Architectural Design and Research Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510016,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省建筑设计研究院集团股份有限公司,广东广州510016

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2024年第11期151-158,共8页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：广东省建筑设计研究院有限公司科研项目(23-22)。

摘　　要：针对桥梁在地震和极端偏载条件下的落梁与倾覆问题,提出了一种新型防落梁、抗倾覆球钢支座装置。传统防落梁措施如挡块和防落链存在结构可靠性差、易损伤、施工费用高及影响美观等问题,而现有支座研究多集中于防落梁性能,对抗倾覆性能研究较少。为解决这些问题,以典型城市超宽大悬臂钢梁为案例,在结构地震和抗倾覆分析的基础上,设计了一种集防落梁与抗倾覆功能于一体的新型球钢支座。该支座在传统球钢支座基础上增设了抗剪销、侧向钢挡块和锚固拉杆,通过多道防线设计提升防落梁性能,并利用柔性缓冲和水平抗力可定制设计等特点,确保支座在地震和极端偏载作用下的稳定性和安全性。研究通过参数敏感性分析、抗震防落梁性能分析及抗倾覆性能分析,验证了新型支座在控制主梁位移、减小墩底内力及提升抗倾覆能力方面的显著效果。研究结果表明,采用新型防落梁球钢支座后,主梁位移和主墩内力均控制在合理区间,避免了落梁与相邻联碰撞的风险,同时显著提升了桥梁的抗倾覆性能。此外,该支座还具有结构简单、易维护、更换及成本适中等优点,已获实用新型专利并成功应用于实际工程,为桥梁工程的安全性和耐久性提供了有力保障。The study proposed a new type of falling-off prevention and anti-overturning ball steel bearing device for bridges under earthquake and extreme eccentric load conditions.The traditional bridge falling-off prevention measures(e.g.,blocking blocks and anti-falling chains)have problems of poor structural reliability,easy damage,high construction cost,and aesthetic impact.Meanwhile,the existing studies on bearings mainly focus on the performance of falling-off prevention,with less research on the anti-overturning performance.To solve these issues,taking the typical urban ultra-wide cantilevered steel beam as a study case,the new type of spherical steel bearing with both falling-off prevention and anti-overturning functions was designed based on the structural seismic and anti-overturning analysis.The bearing was equipped with shear pins,lateral steel blocks and anchor rods on the basis of traditional ball steel bearings.It improved the falling-off prevention performance through multiple defense lines,and utilized the flexible buffering and customizable horizontal resistance to ensure the stability and safety of the bearing under earthquake and extreme eccentric loads.The study verified the significant effects of the new type of bearing on controlling displacement of main beam,reducing internal forces at pier bottom,and improving anti-overturning ability through parameter sensitivity analysis,seismic falling-off prevention performance analysis,and anti-overturning performance analysis.The result indicates that after adopting the new type of falling-off prevention ball steel bearing,the main beam displacement and main pier internal force are both controlled within a reasonable range,avoiding the risk of falling-off and adjacent collision.Simultaneously,the anti-overturning performance of bridge is significantly improved.In addition,the bearing also has the advantages of simple structure,easy maintenance,replacement,and moderate cost.It has obtained a utility model patent and been successfully applied in practical engin

关 键 词：桥梁工程 防落梁 抗倾覆 球钢支座 地震作用 偏载分析 参数敏感性 力学性能 

分 类 号：U443.36[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]