引水隧洞下穿密集建筑群的爆破振动损伤特征与影响评价  

Damage Characteristics and Impact Assessment of Blasting-induced Vibration on High-density Structures Adjacent to Diversion Tunnels

作　　者：饶宇[1,2] 谢志国 陆进彬 赵根[1] 马凯 郭镒维 RAO Yu;XIE Zhi-guo;LU Jin-bin;ZHAO Gen;MA Kai;GUO Yi-wei(Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of Ministry of Water Resources,Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;Central Yunnan Water Diversion Engineering Construction Administration Bureau,Kunming 650205,China;Central Yunnan Water Diversion Engineering Co.Ltd.,Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院水利部岩土力学与工程重点实验室,武汉430010 [2]武汉理工大学土木工程与建筑学院,武汉430070 [3]云南省滇中引水工程建设管理局,昆明650205 [4]云南省滇中引水工程有限公司,昆明650205

出　　处：《爆破》2024年第4期156-166,共11页Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52079009)。

摘　　要：振动是爆破作业所产生的首要有害效应,科学地对爆破影响进行评价是工程建设需要解决的重要难点。以滇中引水工程下穿建筑群的隧洞爆破开挖为工程依托,首先采用数值模拟和现场调查方法获得了建筑物受不同致损因素影响的损伤特征,爆破振动会导致建筑物窗户、门洞四角形成“X”形态裂缝,单侧不均匀沉降会导致建筑物出现沿窗户、门洞对角的45°斜裂缝。进而对不同爆源距的建筑物振动数据进行时频分析,结果表明:建筑物基础部位受迫振动占据主导作用,爆破荷载结束后自由振动轻微并迅速衰减。随着水平距离的增加,FFT(快速傅里叶变换)主频和爆破振动能量均有下降趋势,但FFT主频随距离变化不如能量敏感,并且各频段能量对距离的敏感程度亦不相同。总体上各频段能量呈现出近区衰减快、远区衰减慢的特征;随爆源距增大,高频部分的爆破能量向中低频转移,存在“低通高滤”效应,从而导致各频带能量衰减出现差异化的特征。最后通过调查发现:人体对爆破振动的感受与建筑物安全标准存在显著的差异,据此提出了基于结构损伤和人居环境影响的综合评价方法。Vibration is a primary detrimental effect generated by blasting operations,and accurately evaluating its impact remains crucial and challenging.Based on the blasting excavation of a tunnel under the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project,this study combines numerical simulation and field investigation to assess the damage characteristics of buildings affected by various factors.The results show that blasting vibration causes“X-shaped”cracks at the four corners of windows and doorways,while uneven settlement leads to 45°diagonal cracks.Subsequently,time-frequency analysis was performed on vibration data from buildings at varying distances from the blast source.The findings indicate that forced vibration predominates in building foundations,with minimal free vibration and quickly attenuating after the blasting load ends.As horizontal distance increases,the main frequency and blasting vibration energy exhibit a downward trend based on Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)analysis.However,the main frequency is less sensitive to distance changes than energy.Additionally,the sensitivity of energy to distance varies across different frequency bands.Generally,energy in each frequency band rapidly attenuates close to the blast source,with slower attenuation as distance increases.Furthermore,as the distance from the last source increases,there is a shift in energy from higher to lower frequency bands towards lower frequency bands,and the effect of low-pass and high-filter results in distinct variations in energy attenuation within different frequency bands.Finally,the study highlights a significant disparity between human perception of blasting vibrations and building safety standards.Based on this observation,a comprehensive evaluation method is proposed to combine structural damage assessment with considerations of the human settlement environment.

关 键 词：爆破振动 损伤机理 时频特征 影响评价 

分 类 号：TU591[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]