心态史视域下20世纪二三十年代中小学体育教师负面情绪的表征与缘由  

Representation and Reasons of Negative Emotions of Primary and Secondary School Physical Education Teachers during the 1920s and 1930s

作　　者：陶恩海 程传银[2] TAO Enhai;CHENG Chuanyin(Institute of Curriculum and Textbook Research,Ministry of Education,P.R.China,Beijing 100029;School of Physical Education and Sport Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210023)

机构地区：[1]教育部课程教材研究所,北京100029 [2]南京师范大学体育科学学院,南京210023

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2024年第6期117-125,共9页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“百年体育教科书的德育价值及其实现路径研究”(21YJA890004);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“中国式现代化视域下学校体育培育时代新人的价值重塑与实现路径研究”(23YJC890008)。

摘　　要：文章以心态史为研究视角,运用文献资料、历史考据等研究方法探寻20世纪二三十年代中小学体育教师负面情绪的表征与缘由,以推进对近代体育教师群体的研究。研究认为该群体负面情绪主要表现在:对工资待遇与社会地位的抱怨、对学校体育硬件设施与体育经费匮乏的不满、对体育教学实施困难的诉苦、对专业发展的迷茫与无助、对疲于应付校内人际关系的无奈。其负面情绪出现的缘由:物质层面,20世纪二三十年代教育经费的相对匮乏,导致中小学体育教师工资偏低、体育经费不足,体育场地扩充受限;制度层面,课程制度设计为体育课、体育教师提供支持不足,相关法规出台的滞后性与执行不到位使学校体育长期自由散漫,影响体育教学;精神层面,中国传统文化与教育思想束缚着学校体育的发展,体育课、体育教师难以获得各方认可,以报纸等纸质媒体为主导的舆论营造了歧视体育教师的文化氛围。Taking the history of mentality as the research perspective,combing historical data with research methods such as literature and historical research to explore the negative emotion representation and historical background of the group of primary and middle school physical education teachers during the 1920s and 1930s,and to advance the research on the group of modern physical education teachers.According to the research,the negative emotions of this group are mainly manifested as complaints about wages and social status,dissatisfaction with school sports hardware facilities and insufficient sports funds,complaints about difficulties in the implementation of physical education,confusion and helplessness in professional development,and difficulty coping with school sports.The helplessness of interpersonal relations.A variety of factors led to the emergence of negative emotions in primary and middle school physical education teachers during the Republic of China.At the material level,during the period of the Republic of China,where the agricultural economy was the mainstay,education funding was relatively scarce,resulting in low salaries for physical education teachers in primary and secondary schools and insufficient sports funds;the expansion of sports venues was subject to existing conditions.At the institutional level,the curriculum system design provides insufficient support for physical education classes and physical education teachers;the lag in the promulgation of relevant laws and regulations and the inadequate implementation make school physical education free and loose for a long time,which affects physical education teaching.On the spiritual level,traditional Chinese culture and educational ideas restrict the development of school sports,and it is difficult for physical education classes and physical education teachers to gain recognition from all parties;public opinion led by newspapers and other paper media has created a cultural atmosphere that discriminates against physical education teachers.

关 键 词：体育史 心态史 20世纪二三十年代 体育教师 负面情绪 

分 类 号：G807[文化科学—体育训练]