油藏微生物在CCUS领域的应用前景  

Plication Prospects of Reservoir Microorganisms in the Field of CCUS

作　　者：胡婧[1,2] 汪卫东 孙刚正[1,2] HU Jing;WANG Weidong;SUN Gangzheng(Institute of Petroleum Engineering and Technology,Shengli Oilfield Company,Dongying 257000,China;Key Laboratory of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery,Dongying 257000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化胜利油田分公司,石油工程技术研究院,山东东营257000 [2]中国石化微生物采油重点实验室,山东东营257000

出　　处：《中国沼气》2024年第6期3-10,共8页China Biogas

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“油田采油生物制剂研发及应用”(2022YFC2105200)。

摘　　要：CCUS是应对全球环境问题的关键技术,也是能源行业实现绿色低碳发展的重要途径。目前能源行业开展CCUS技术中还存在一些难题,其中CO_(2)驱替技术普遍存在气窜严重,驱替效率低的难题;CO_(2)封存方面也存在地面、注入井泄漏及封存效率低等难题。这些问题是制约我国CCUS技术工业化推广的瓶颈。作为CO_(2)驱替、封存的主要场所,油藏等地下环境存在种类丰富的微生物类群。国内外相关机构和研究人员开展了大量研究,室内模拟及现场试验证实地下环境中的微生物类群以不同的方式参与CO_(2)地下循环及封存过程,其中腐生菌、厌氧发酵菌、产甲烷古菌与CO_(2)代谢直接相关,它们可以将油藏作为厌氧反应器,通过代谢协同促进CO_(2)的CH_(4)转化,实现资源化利用;同时油藏中普遍存在的硫酸盐还原菌、铁还原菌、硝酸盐还原菌等微生物通过菌体代谢过程参与CO_(2)的封存过程,促进CO_(2)的结构封存、溶解封存和矿化封存。此外,一些微生物可以在地下产生大分子胞外多糖及生物膜结构封堵地下大孔隙及裂缝结构,改善地层非均质,缓解CO_(2)驱替过程中的窜流及CO_(2)封存泄漏难题,从而大幅提高CO_(2)驱效率和封存效率。生物技术是一项绿色、低碳、低成本的高新技术领域,在不同产业中都发挥着重要的作用,开展CO_(2)与地下微生物间的互作机理研究,加快微生物技术在CCUS技术领域的应用研究,可以有效解决CCUS关键环节的技术瓶颈,提高CCUS地下各环节的效率,对CCUS技术的发展具有非常重要的意义。CCUS is a key technology to address global environmental issues and an important way to achieve green and low-carbon development in the energy industry.At present,there are still some challenges in CCUS technology in the energy industry,among which there are problems of serious gas escape and low replacement efficiency in CO_(2)replacement technology,and there are problems of surface leakage and low storage efficiency in CO_(2)storage,which are bottlenecks to the industrialization of CCUS technology in China.As the main site of CO_(2)replacement and storage,the subsurface environment of oil reservoirs is rich in microbial groups,and related institutions and researchers have conducted a lot of researches and confirmed through indoor simulations and field tests that microbial groups in the subsurface environment are involved in the process of CO_(2)underground circulation and storage in different ways.They can use the reservoir as an anaerobic reactor to promote CH_(4) conversion of CO_(2)through metabolic synergy;meanwhile,sulfate-reducing bacteria,iron-reducing bacteria,nitrate-reducing bacteria and other microorganisms commonly found in the reservoir participate in the CO_(2)storage process through the metabolic process of the bacteria,promoting structural,dissolution and mineralization sequestration.In addition,some microorganisms can produce EPS and biofilm structure to seal large underground pores and fracture structure,which can improve the subsurface heterogeneity and solve the problem of cascade and CO_(2)sequestration leakage in the process of CO_(2)replacement,and greatly improve the efficiency of CO_(2)flooding and sequestration.Biotechnology is a green,low-carbon and low-cost technology,which plays an important role in different industries.Conducting research on the mechanism of interaction between CO_(2)and subsurface microorganisms and accelerating the application of microbial technology in the field of CCUS technology can effectively solve the technical bottleneck of key aspects of CCUS and improve

关 键 词：CCUS 微生物群落 CO_(2)驱 生物调剖 生物转化 生物矿化 

分 类 号：Q939[生物学—微生物学] S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]