微塑料对农业环境及作物的影响研究进展  

Research Progress on the Impact of Microplastics on Agricultural Environment and Crops

作　　者：陈逸夫 贺静 黎霞 吴雨恬 CHEN Yifu;HE Jing;LI Xia;WU Yutian(Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture,Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部成都沼气科学研究所,农业农村部农村可再生能源开发利用重点实验室,四川成都610041

出　　处：《中国沼气》2024年第6期20-26,共7页China Biogas

基　　金：四川省重点研发项目(2023YFQ0030);四川省创新团队项目(ccxtd-2024-07);内蒙古重点研发项目(2022YFDZ0053)。

摘　　要：塑料产品的广泛使用产生大量的塑料废弃物,其降解产生的微塑料加剧了生物圈的污染。全社会对微塑料污染问题日益关注,相关的研究也愈发深入,如微塑料在环境中的迁移追溯,在水、土、气各个圈层的迁移以及对生物圈的毒性影响等。在农业系统,微塑料不仅对土壤环境造成影响,也会对植物产生不利影响。微塑料在农业生态系统中的负面作用关乎粮食安全和人类健康,有大量研究做了微塑料的毒性机制及其对各种作物生理生化以及发育的影响。文章系统总结并梳理了微塑料特性及其在农业环境中传播途径,以及复合污染对农业环境、农作物生长发育的影响,归纳了微塑料不同性质对农作物产生的毒性效应机制,以期为农田土壤微塑料污染的生态风险评估及治理防控提供理论依据与技术支撑。Microplastic pollution has emerged as a global concern on account of the generation of vast amounts of non-biodegradable plastic waste and products.As a result,microplastics have drawn extensive research attention,and there has been a lot of findings in this regard.In agricultural systems,microplastics not only have impact on the soil environment,but can also adversely affect plants.The negative effects of microplastics in agro-ecosystems are related to food security and human health,and a large number of studies have been done on the toxicity mechanism of microplastics and their effects on the physiology,biochemistry and development of various crops.This review systematically summarized and sorted out the characteristics and transmission routes of microplastics in agricultural environment,as well as the effects of composite pollution on agricultural environment and crop growth and development.It also summarized the mechanism of toxic effects of different properties of microplastics on crops,in order to provide theoretical basis and scientific support for ecological risk assessment,control and prevention.

关 键 词：微塑料 植物生长 植物毒性 重金属 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X712[农业科学—农业工程]