超大城市洪涝灾害成因综合解析——以重庆市为例  

Comprehensive analysis on causes of flood disaster in megacities:A case study of Chongqing

作　　者：仉文岗 王云浩 胡庆芳[2] 孙伟鑫 金君良[2] ZHANG Wengang;WANG Yunhao;HU Qingfang;SUN Weixin;JIN Junliang(School of Civil Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,P.R.China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学土木工程学院,重庆400045 [2]南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210029

出　　处：《土木与环境工程学报（中英文）》2025年第1期1-10,共10页Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：中国工程院院地合作重大项目(2021-ZD-CQ-2)。

摘　　要：近年来,极端天气事件呈现趋多趋强态势,变化环境下洪涝灾害频发给社会经济发展带来严峻挑战。重庆是中国西部超大城市和成渝城市群“双核”之一,主城区地貌以山地、丘陵为主,受上游江河来水和三峡库区回水的双重影响,洪涝灾害风险突出。以重庆市历年洪涝灾害事件为基础,梳理重庆市防涝减灾现状,分析水文、地理、地形、城市化、气象等因素对重庆市洪涝灾害发生频率和强度的影响,结合这些洪涝灾害致灾因子进一步对重庆市的孕灾环境和承灾体进行分析,提出针对重庆中心城区洪涝治理的对策建议。分析发现:重庆市洪涝灾害受多种因素综合影响,特殊的地理位置和山地城市的地形条件决定了重庆防洪治涝的艰巨性;重庆市河流纵横,山高谷深,完全具备发生洪涝灾害的孕灾条件;应充分考虑气象水文和经济社会发展的新情况,根据三峡水库等建成后的洪涝灾害特征和城区防洪防涝能力现状,及时优化城市洪涝灾害防御体系。In recent years,extreme meteorological and hydrological events have become more frequent and intense,and the frequent occurrence of flood disasters in a rapidly evolving environment has brought severe challenges to socio-economic development.This study focuses on Chongqing,one of two principal cores within the megacities of western China,part of the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.This city,s terrain,predominantly hilly and mountainous,together with its proximity to upstream rivers and the backwater of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA),highlights its exposure to the threat of flood disasters.This study focuses on Chongqing,s historical flood disaster events to assess the current state of flood prevention and disaster reduction efforts within the city.The authors further analyze the impact of various factors,including hydrology, geography, topography, urbanization, and meteorological conditions, on both the frequency and intensity offlood disasters in Chongqing. Alongside these causal factors of flood disasters, the authors further delve into theanalysis of Chongqing,s disasters—Forming environment and the entities that bear these disasters. Finally,countermeasures are provided. The findings indicate that the occurrence of flood disasters in Chongqing isinfluenced by various factors, and its special location and characteristics of the mountain city determine thedifficulty of flood prevention and management in Chongqing. Notably, the city,s complex terrain and numerousrivers creat the conditions conducive to flood disasters. Given the evolving circumstances brought about bymeteorological hydrology and socio-economic development, it is imperative to proactively reassess and optimizeChongqing,s urban flood disaster prevention system. This should be done in accordance with the unique flooddisaster characteristics that have emerged following the completion of the TGRA and the current flood controland waterlogging prevention capacity of the urban area.

关 键 词：城市灾害 洪涝灾害 防灾减灾 防洪规划 

分 类 号：TU998.4[建筑科学—市政工程]