法典化时代实质法益的立法功能重构  

Reconstructing the Legislative Function of Substantive Rechtsgut in the Codification Era

作　　者：冀洋[1] Ji Yang

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2024年第6期131-146,共16页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“数字经济的刑事安全风险防范体系建构研究”(项目编号:21&ZD210)的阶段性研究成果;江苏高校“青蓝工程”;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助。

摘　　要：法典化时代的刑法首要面临犯罪化界限问题,法益作为界定犯罪的核心概念,能否发挥犯罪化立法批判功能仍有争议。在我国现行刑法中,个人法益范围相对稳定,集体法益、精神化法益和刑法自创法益不断增多,法益内容呈现“去实质化”。理解法益的关键是确定价值内涵,德国创始的法益在概念史上缺少一贯的价值立场,它与自由主义的关联性需要重新审视。刑法法益的实质内涵应诉诸本国宪法,以宪法中公民与国家的利益关系模式为基础而重构,个人法益是目的型法益,国家法益是手段型法益,其他社会利益的刑法保护需要在此框架内确定利益归属主体。实质法益可达成两项功能:一是单向消极犯罪化,限制将“无法益”的行为犯罪化,对“有法益”侵害的犯罪通过法益衡量验证犯罪化的妥当性;二是犯罪分层,在现行刑法中以实质法益甄别形式犯与实质犯,在未来再法典化模式上区分核心刑法与附属刑法,分别审视不同类型规范的正当性。In the codification era,criminal law primarily faces the issue of the criminalization boundary.As the core concept for defining crime,whether Rechtsgut can play a critical legislative function in criminalization remains controversial.In the current criminal law,the scope of individual Rechtsgut is relatively stable,while collective,spiritualized and self-created Rechtsgut are constantly increasing,leading to a"de-substantialization"of Rechtsgut.The key to understanding Rechtsgut is to determine their value connotations.The concept of Rechtsgut,as originated in Germany,lacks a consistent value stance in its conceptual history,and its connection with liberalism needs to be re-examined.The substantive Rechtsgut in criminal law should be based on the model of the relationship between citizens and the state under the constitution.The individual Rechtsgut is purpose-oriented,while the state Rechtsgut is means-oriented.The protection on other social interests by criminal law needs to determine the subject of interest attribution within this framework.Substantive Rechtsgut can serve two functions.Firstly,it can act as a unidirectional mechanism for negative criminalization,limiting the criminalization of behaviors that lack Rechtsgut,and verifying the appropriateness of criminalization for crimes that infringe upon Rechtsgut through interest measurement.Secondly,it can function to stratify crimes,utilizing substantive Rechtsgut to differentiate between formal and substantive offenses,delineating core criminal law from ancillary criminal law within the framework of codification,and assessing the legitimacy of various normative standards accordingly.

关 键 词：法典化时代 实质法益 集体法益 单向消极犯罪化 核心刑法 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]