单人户家庭与消费升级:结构与品质视角  

Did Single-Person Households and Consumption Upgrade:Perspective of Structure and Quality

作　　者：张志新[1] 杨在顺 丁鑫 ZHANG Zhi-xin;YANG Zai-shun;DING Xin(School of Economics,Shandong University of Technology)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学经济学院

出　　处：《消费经济》2024年第5期66-78,共13页Consumer Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(23BJL092);山东省社会科学规划研究一般项目(22CJJJ33)。

摘　　要：随着社会经济的发展,单人户家庭规模扩大是我国家庭结构的潜在变化趋势,但这种特殊的家庭结构是否会对消费产生影响,尚未得到足够的关注。文章基于2014—2020年的中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,运用倾向得分匹配探讨了单人户家庭对消费的影响。结果显示:单人户家庭的人均消费水平比非单人户家庭提高39.96%,并且呈现出消费品质升级、消费结构降级的特征。从作用机制来看,规模不经济效应以及较高的消费倾向是促进单人户家庭人均消费水平提高和消费品质升级的重要原因,而家庭总收入较低则会导致消费结构降级。异质性分析发现,未婚单人户家庭实现了人均消费水平提高和消费品质升级,而离异和丧偶单人户家庭则表现为消费品质降级。单人户家庭对人均消费水平的促进作用随着年龄增长而降低,消费品质升级仅存在于40岁以下的单人户家庭,超过60岁则呈现消费品质降级特征。此外,东部和西部地区的单人户家庭实现了消费品质升级。因此,政府和企业应当提供满足单人户家庭消费需求的高品质商品,发挥单人户家庭在推动供给侧结构性调整中的积极作用。同时,要重视非单人户家庭在扩大消费需求和改善消费结构中的作用,进一步引导和鼓励婚育。With the development of the socio-economy,the ex pansion of single-person households is a potential trend in the household structure of our country.However,whether this particular family structure will have an impact on consumption has not received sufficient attention from the academic community.Based on data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)from 2014 to 2020,this article employs propensity score matching to investigate the impact of single-person households on consumption.The results show that the per capita consumption level of single-person households is 39.96%higher than that of non-single-person households,and they exhibit features of consumption quality upgrading and consumption structure downgrading.Mechanistically,diseconomies of scale and a higher propensity to consume are important reasons for the increase in per capita consumption level and consumption quality upgrading in single-person households,while lower total household income leads to consumption structure downgrading.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that unmarried single-person households achieve an increase in per capita consumption level and consumption quality upgrading,while divorced and widowed single-person households show a degradation in consumption quality.The promotional effect of single-person households on per capita consumption level decreases with age,and consumption quality upgrading exists only in single-person households under 40 years old,while those over 60 years old exhibit characteristics of consumption quality degradation.Additionally,single-person households in eastern and western regions achieve consumption quality upgrading.Therefore,governments and enterprises should provide high-quality goods to meet the consumption demands of single-person households and leverage their positive role in promoting structural adjustments on the supply side.Meanwhile,it is necessary to pay attention to the role of non-single-person households in expanding consumption demand and improving consumption structure,further guiding and en

关 键 词：家庭规模 消费升级 居民消费 消费结构 消费品质 

分 类 号：F063.4[经济管理—政治经济学]