试论苏轼诗歌“怨”的变易——以“乌台诗案”为转折界  

The Change of "Yuan" in Su Shi's Poems:Taking "Wutai Poetry Case" as the Turning Point

作　　者：余晓欣 YU Xiaoxin(College of Humanities,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua Zhejiang 321004,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《乐山师范学院学报》2024年第10期6-16,共11页Journal of Leshan Normal University

摘　　要：苏轼诗歌多怨刺,乃是不言而喻的事实。作为以儒家思想为本的政治家,苏轼时刻怀有浓厚的忧患意识,渴望忠君报国、执政为民,亦善于以辛辣犀利的讽谏针砭时弊,以诗托讽。但“乌台诗案”的一记重击,使其心境骤变,从曾经的无惧无畏转向了被现实境遇束缚的明哲保身,其诗歌之“怨”更是据此发生了复杂的变易。政治风波显露出的恶劣环境,令他通过对象倾移与程度纾解来重新建构“怨”的基础与可能;贬谪闲居的专治经书,为其再度理解“怨”的性质以及觅得遣“怨”的新路径提供了更趋完善的思想基础。在二者的共同作用下,落笔为诗,表达“怨”的情感内涵愈加丰富,书写“怨”的艺术手法亦由“比”及“兴”。苏诗之“怨”,便在这三条紧密相连的脉络中,彰显出了富有时代性与动态性的独特风姿。It is a self-evident fact that most of Su Shi's poems contain resentment and satire.As a Confucian-based politician,Su Shi always had a strong sense of distress,aspiring to be loyal to the nation,the monarch,and the people.He was also good at criticizing the current problems and satirizing them with poems.However,the heavy blow of"Wu Tai's poetry case"made his mood change suddenly,from once being fearless to trying for self-preservation.Subsequently,the"Yuan"of his poems had undergone complex changes.The harsh environment caused by the political storm made him reconstruct the basis and possibility of"Yuan"through changing the focus of attention and mitigating degree;When he was demoted and devoted himself to studying the classics,he had more mature ideological foundation to understand the nature of"Yuan"and to find a new way to release"Yuan".Under the combined influence of two changes,the emotional connotation of"Yuan"was more and more rich,and the artistic method of expressing"Yuan"was also from"Bi"to"Xing"in his poems.Because of these three closely linked ways of change,the"Yuan"in Su Shi's poems shows a unique style that is full of era and dynamic characteristic.

关 键 词：苏轼诗歌 诗可以怨 乌台诗案 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]