南疆133份土桃种质表型多样性分析  

Phenotypic diversity analysis of 133 accession local peach germplasm in Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：徐孟琪 卢彩红 朱更瑞[1] 邵亚杰 李勇[1,3] 吴金龙 谢景梅 王新卫 王力荣[1,3] XU Mengqi;LU Caihong;ZHU Gengrui;SHAO Yajie;LI Yong;WU Jinlong;XIE Jingmei;WANG Xinwei;WANG Lirong(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;College of Horti-culture and Forestry,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China;Institute of Western Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changji 831100,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [2]塔里木大学园艺与林学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第12期2369-2376,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目;新疆桃珍稀濒危种质资源的抢救性保护(2021YFD1200202-07)。

摘　　要：【目的】为深入了解南疆土桃果实表型性状的变异特点和多样性。【方法】2023年8—10月对南疆开展土桃资源考察,收集评价133份有代表性的种质材料,对果实的17个描述型性状和5个数量型性状进行了系统鉴定以及变异类型分析。【结果】桃果实17个描述型性状的变异类型丰富,果实成熟期和果实风味变异类型最多,其中果实成熟期的变异类型有9个,果实风味的变异类型有7个;5个数量型性状变异系数为17.39%~48.49%,其中单果质量的变异系数最大。8份种质果实表面不着色,果皮底色呈绿色;16份种质果实果肉颜色为黄色,均为稀有种类。【结论】南疆土桃果实描述型性状变异类型丰富,数量型性状变异系数高,初步筛选出莎车绿肉1号等8份果皮底色为绿色以及莎车黄肉1号等16份黄肉桃优异特异种质。【Objective】The peach belongs to the Rosaceae family,subfamily Prunoideae,genus Prunus,and subgenus Amygdalus L..It is native to China.As the origin center of peach,China has more than 4000 years of domestication and cultivation history,the most obvious feature is the rich genetic diversi-ty of local cultivated varieties.In the Southern Xinjiang region of China,the germplasm resources of lo-cal peach varieties or Tu Tao are extremely abundant.But the studies on fruit traits of peach is still limit-ed.The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of the variation characteristics and diversity of phenotypic traits in peach germplasm in southern Xinjiang,so as to provide a valuable refer-ence for its development and utilization.【Methods】In this study,the investigation on peach varieties were carried out in Southern Xinjiang from August to October 2023,and the experimental materials were collected in Kashgar,Hotan,Alar,Artush covering main counties in the oasis of the Tarim Basin.A total of 133 representative germplasm resources were collected and evaluated,and then 17 descrip-tive traits and 5 quantitative traits were identified and the variation types were analyzed.【Results】The phenotypes of 133 peach germplasm fruits in Southern Xinjiang showed a wide range of variation,and a total of 72 variation types were observed,with an average variation type of nearly 4.2,indicating that the variation types of 17 descriptive traits were abundant,among which the fruit maturity date and fla-vor variation types were wide,and the maturity date mainly occurred from middle August to late Octo-ber,and the mid-late maturity accounted for 84.21%of the whole maturity period.The fruit flavor was banlenced sour and sweet,accounting for 54.89%.The majority of fruit shapes were flat round,fol-lowed by oblong and round.The flesh color was predominantly white,followed by green-white and yel-low.According to the fruit type,biological status of accession,fruit size,shape,flesh color,background color,flavor,soluble

关 键 词：桃 南疆 果实性状 表型 多样性 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]