不同架形对阳光玫瑰葡萄叶幕生态和高温下应逆生理的影响  

Different trellis systems on canopy microclimate and heat stress-respond-ing physiology of Shine Muscat grape

作　　者：罗玲 刘伟[2] 梁东[1] 马一君[2] 李然 吕秀兰 LUO Ling;LIU Wei;LIANG Dong;MA Yijun;LI Ran;LÜXiuan(College of Horticulture,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;Horticulture Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学园艺学院,成都611130 [2]四川省农业科学院园艺研究所,成都610066

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第12期2444-2462,共19页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：四川省科技资源共享服务平台(2020JDPT0004);四川省科技计划项目(2021YFYZ0023);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川水果创新团队(sccxtd);四川省重点研发项目(2022YFN0005)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同架形栽培的阳光玫瑰葡萄对夏季自然高温热害的生理生态响应。【方法】以阳光玫瑰葡萄为试材,设置V形架、飞鸟形架、H形架3种架形处理,监测夏季(6—8月)叶幕温湿度变化情况,于连续自然高温(>38℃)发生前6d及发生后的第3、6、9、15天测定葡萄叶片光合色素含量、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数及抗逆基因(热激蛋白基因、热激转录因子基因、GLOS1)的表达量,并分析自然高温发生前后叶片组织结构的变化。【结果】夏季自然高温天气下,3种架形中飞鸟形架葡萄叶幕温度最低,而湿度最高,V形架次之,葡萄叶片Pn下降。葡萄叶片栅栏组织厚度、Pn、Chla、Chlb、Car含量及Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、ΦPSII、qP、ETR值均表现为飞鸟形架>V形架>H形架,而叶片厚度、海绵组织厚度、Gs、Tr、Ci、Fo、NPQ则表现为H形架>V形架>飞鸟形架;飞鸟形架葡萄叶片VvHSP17.9、VvHSP22、VvHSP70、VvHSP90、VvHSP100、VvHSP101、VvHSFA1、VvHSFA2、VvHSFB1和GLOS1等10个基因的相对表达量最高,其中H形架葡萄叶片VvHSP17.9、VvHSP90、VvHSP70基因的相对表达量高于V形架,其余7个基因的相对表达量则低于V形架。【结论】夏季自然高温下,3种架形中飞鸟形架阳光玫瑰葡萄叶幕温度较低、湿度较高,叶肉组织紧实、光合色素含量高、Pn较高,抗逆基因表达量较高、PSⅡ反应中心较为稳定是其耐热性较高的主要原因。【Objective】With the ongoing impact of global warming,the frequency of extremely hot weather during summer have increased,and heat injury has become a significant disaster affecting grape production.Particularly in the southern regions,where grapes are primarily cultivated in con-trolled environments like greenhouse,and the relatively enclosed conditions intensify high-temperature stress(HTS).Therefore,studying how adult grapevines respond to HTS in natural surroundings is cru-cial.Assessing the physiological response of adult grapevines to HTS and choosing trellis systems that minimize HTS are vital for studying heat-resistant mechanisms and heat-resistant cultivation of grapes.【Methods】With Shine Muscat grapevines as the experimental material,three trellis-system treatments of V-shaped(Vs),Flying Bird-shaped(Fs)and H-shaped(Hs)were implemented.Canopy temperature and humidity were collected from June to August.Subsequently,the levels of photosynthetic pigments,photosynthetic parameters,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,and the expression of resistance genes[heat shock protein genes(Hsp),and heat shock transcription factor genes(Hsf),GLOS1]were as-sessed.Changes in leaf tissue structure of different tree shapes before and after high-temperature occur-rence in the field were analyzed.【Results】The frequency and intensity of extreme temperature on the canopy during the hot months in summer were significantly lower in Fs and Vs compared to those in Hs.In August,the frequency of temperatures above 40℃in Fs canopy decreased by 45.07%and 46.20%compared to those in Vs and Hs,respectively.Canopy humidity decreased gradually with the rising temperatures from June to August,with Fs having the highest humidity,followed by Vs,and the lowest in Hs.After 15 days of HTS,grapevine leaf thickness increased,with spongy tissue pores show-ing a notable increase.Compared to pre-high temperature,the thickness of palisade and spongy tissues of Fs changed less,while the thickness of spongy tissues of Vs increased by 43.79%

关 键 词：阳光玫瑰葡萄 架形 抗高温 叶幕生态 光合生理 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]