中国设施果树栽培装备研究现状与展望  

Research status and prospects of equipments for protected fruit tree culti-vation in China

作　　者：王文明 王志强 孙永利[3] 何丽虹 王海波[2] WANG Wenming;WANG Zhiqiang;SUN Yongli;HE lihong;WANG Haibo(Taizhou Vocational College of Science and Technology,Taizhou 318020,Zhejiang,China;Research Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China;Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,Heilongjiang,China;China Agricultural Machinery Testing Centre,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100122,China)

机构地区：[1]台州科技职业学院,浙江台州318020 [2]中国农业科学院果树研究所,辽宁兴城125100 [3]东北农业大学,哈尔滨150030 [4]农业农村部农业机械化总站,北京100021

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第12期2567-2581,共15页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室开放课题(NYZS202306);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000204);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-29);台州市科技计划项目(23nya20)。

摘　　要：果树设施栽培是通过人为因素改变果树生产的外部环境,从而改变果树生产周期,使果品提前或推迟成熟,提高果树的生产效益,已成为中国果业发展的新业态。重点阐述分析了果树设施栽培中的建筑设施、监测系统、环境调控设备、生产设备与机具等关键装备的研究应用现状,总结中国设施果树栽培装备研究应用中存在的问题有:设施结构简陋,缺乏专用覆盖材料,环境调控能力弱,农机生产装备落后、智能化不足等。指出了中国设施果树栽培装备未来的发展方向为:建筑设施智能化、生态化,设施环境调控智能化,农机农艺高度融合。The cultivation of fruit trees in facilities is a new format in the development of China’s fruit industry,which changes the external environment of fruit production through human factors,thus chang-ing the production cycle of fruit crops,making fruit ripening ahead of or behind schedule,and improv-ing the production efficiency of fruit trees.Compared with open-air cultivation and field production,the protected fruit tree cultivation has the outstanding advantages of being unaffected by climatic condi-tions,high degree of automation,high utilization rate of space per unit area,and continuous production throughout the year.Facility fruit tree cultivation equipment is a key element for realizing the facility cultivation of fruit trees.In recent years,with the continuous progress of science and technology and the deepening of agricultural modernization,significant achievements have been made in the research on and application of facility fruit tree cultivation equipments in China.This article focuses on analyzing the current research and application status of key equipments in fruit tree facility cultivation,including architectural facilities,monitoring systems,environmental control equipment,production equipment and machinery.The issues identified in the research and application of fruit tree facility cultivation equipment in China are summarized as follows:(1)Simplistic facility structures:Fruit tree facility culti-vation requires specialized facilities such as greenhouses,large sheds,and irrigation and fertilization systems.However,market supply is limited,and orchards often rely on general agricultural facilities.These facilities are inadequate for meeting the specific needs of fruit trees,leading to poor growth and nication technologies to achieve automated and intelligent operations,like precise pruning and efficient harvesting.Multiple agricultural machinery and equipment will also share information in real-time and work in coordination to complete complex cultivation tasks.This trend will significantly enha

关 键 词：设施果树 栽培 装备 环境控制 中国 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]