人工补光对果树生长发育影响的研究进展  

Research progress in effects of artificial light supplementation on the growth and development of fruit trees

作　　者：张研宗 李兰 孙小旭[1,2] 顾红 程大伟[1,2] 李明[1,2] 齐秀娟[1,2] 陈锦永[1,2] ZHANG Yanzong;LI Lan;SUN Xiaoxu;GU Hong;CHENG Dawei;LI Ming;QI Xiujuan;CHEN Jinyong(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Horti-cultural Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization/National Digital Planting(Orchard)Innovation Sub-Center,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;Zhongyuan Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所·果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室·国家数字种植业(果园)创新分中心,郑州450009 [2]中国农业科学院中原研究中心,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第12期2595-2605,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1600700);河南省重点研发与推广专项(242102110221);河南省重点研发专项(221111111800);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-26);河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(HARS-22-09-S)。

摘　　要：光照是果树生长发育的关键因素之一,光质、光强、光周期和光照分布会影响果树的形态建成、开花结果等生长发育过程。植物补光灯作为一种人工光源,可以为植物补充额外的光照,从而有效调节果树的生长发育,提高产量和改善果实品质。红光和蓝光是自然光中光合有效辐射的重要组成部分,红光主要被叶绿素吸收,促进光合作用,此外,红光还能促进果树根茎的伸长生长,有利于树体形态的构建。蓝光主要被叶绿素和类胡萝卜素吸收,对植物的生长、形态及生理代谢有显著影响。光照不足会影响果树的光合作用、形态建成、开花结实及果实品质等。光照过强会导致叶片甚至果实发生日灼,破坏叶绿体结构,降低受损区域的光合作用和养分吸收能力,进而影响果树的正常生长。光分布不均会导致果树生长不平衡,影响整体生长势及产量分布。概述了补光灯的发展历史,综述了光质、光照度、光照时间和光照分布对果树生长发育的影响,并提出了果树人工补光未来的研究方向,以期为果树补光研究提供参考。Fruit trees,as important economic crops,are significantly influenced by a variety of environ-mental factors,with light playing a particularly crucial role.Light not only serves as the primary energy source for photosynthesis,but also has a significant impact on the growth and development of fruit trees.The growth and development of fruit trees are influenced by various factors,including light quali-ty,intensity,photoperiod and distribution.These light-related factors regulate multiple processes such as morphogenesis,flowering and fruiting.As an artificial light source,the supplemental lighting for plants can provide additional light to them,which plays a crucial role in regulating the growth and de-velopment of fruit trees,increasing yield and enhancing fruit quality.The advancement in science and technology has facilitated the gradual integration of artificial lighting technologies with horticulture,with applications extending to vegetables,flowers,fruit trees and other crops.The most commonly used forms of supplemental lighting include fluorescent lamps,high-pressure sodium lamps and LED lamps.Fluorescent lamps and high-pressure sodium lamps are characterized by high energy consumption and operating costs.Additionally,they contain various harmful substances,such as mercury and sodium,making waste disposal a significant environmental hazard.In contrast,LED lamps offer a broad spec-tral range,specific wavelengths,high efficiency,minimal heat dissipation,long lifespan,adjustable light quality and intensity,and low energy consumption,and also are free from mercury,sodium and other hazardous substances.Moreover,waste generated from LED lamps can be recycled without envi-ronmental contamination.These attributes have led to the increasing adoption of LED lamps as the pre-ferred choice for plant lighting.Red and blue lights are key components of photosynthetically active ra-diation in natural light.Red light is primarily absorbed by chlorophyll,increasing chlorophyll content in leaves and promoting photosynthesis.Addit

关 键 词：果树 补光 生长发育 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]