苹果新品种金玉的选育  

Breeding report of a new apple cultivar Jinyu

作　　者：刘珍珍[1] 高启明[1] 孟祥鹏[1] 张恒涛[1,2] LIU Zhenzhen;GAO Qiming;MENG Xiangpeng;ZHANG Hengtao(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,CAAS,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;Zhongyuan Research Center,CAAS,Xinxiang 453500,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [2]中国农业科学院中原研究中心,河南新乡453500

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第12期2634-2637,共4页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项(221100110400);国家苹果产业技术体系专项(CARS-27);中国农业科学院科技创新工程专项(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-RIP-02);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1610192023401)。

摘　　要：金玉苹果是由华美×Hongro常规杂交选育出的早熟迷你苹果新品种。果实圆柱形或长圆锥形,果皮金黄色,果面光滑,有蜡质,果肉黄白色,肉质松脆,风味酸甜,有香气;平均单果质量110 g,最大单果质量130 g,果形指数0.98;每果实平均含种子7粒。金玉果实可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)14.9%,可滴定酸含量0.12%,硬度8.5 kg·cm^(-2),维生素C含量4.4 mg·100g^(-1);品质中上。果实生育期100 d,在郑州地区7月上中旬成熟;花序花朵数5~6朵,萌芽率较高,成枝力稍弱。抗逆性、抗病性较强。货架期10~15 d,可冷藏2个月。适合在淮河以北苹果适生区免套袋栽培,第2年开花结果,三年量产,四年丰产。Jinyu is an early-season,table apple variety with excellent appearance.The variety was de-rived from a cross between Huamei and Hongro in 2006 in the experimental field.It was initially select-ed in 2010 for its early ripening time and good quality.After five years of consistent observations,it was finally selected in 2016.The regional adaptability test started in 2017 at five sites(including Zheng-zhou,Xinxiang,Sanmenxia,Shangqiu,and Gongyi),the authorization was received from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for the protection of new plant varieties in 2019;and it was approved by the Henan Forest Species Certification Committee in 2023.The young trees of Jinyu were vigorous,with strong,fast-growing branches with slight short internotes.The leaves were 10.13 cm in length and 6.34 cm in width,medium green,and had acuminate(pointed)tips.The early flowering date was early April,full blooming date was from April 4 to 13.The fruit began to lose its astringency and acidity in mid-June,turned color from green to yellow in early July.The leaf fall occured in early November,with a vegetative growth period of 250-260 days.The fruit was cylindrical or long conical,with a regular shape.It had an average longitudinal diameter of 5.4 cm and a transverse diameter of 5.5 cm.The fruit size was small,weighing approximately 110 g on an average.The flesh was yellowish-white,fine,and crispy,with a peel firmness of 8.5 kg·cm^(-2).The solid content was 14.4%,titratable acid content 0.12%,and the quality was high.The fruits ripened in mid-to-late July in Zhengzhou,approximately two weeks earlier than Gala and its parent varieties.The flavor was similar to that of Gala.The axillary flower buds were easily formed on the young trees.To reduce the competition between these buds and overall tree growth,it was important to remove excess axillary buds during the early stage.Thinning flowers and fruits was crucial to ensure optimal fruit size.Typically,no more than two fruits were allowed per inflorescence.The distance would be 1

关 键 词：苹果 新品种 金玉 早熟 迷你型 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]