极早熟无核葡萄新品种南太湖特早的选育  

Breeding report of a new early ripening seedless grape cultivar Nantai-hutezao

作　　者：王莉 竺啸恒 殷益明 魏佳 贾惠娟[1] WANG Li;ZHU Xiaoheng;YIN Yiming;WEI Jia;JIA Huijuan(Institute of Fruit Science,College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China;Huzhou Agricultural Technology Development Center,Huzhou 313000,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院果树科学研究所,杭州310058 [2]湖州市农业科技发展中心,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第12期2642-2647,共6页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：湖州市农业科技创新团队项目(2022HN01)。

摘　　要：南太湖特早葡萄是从夏黑无性系选育出的极早熟葡萄新品种,属三倍体欧美杂交种。在自然坐果情况下,果穗圆柱形、紧实,平均长度20cm、平均宽度5cm、平均穗质量250g,果粒圆形、果粉厚,平均单果质量2.75g、果形指数1.03,果皮紫黑、厚、无涩味,果肉浅紫色、质地紧密,风味甜,香味较浓、独具紫罗兰花香味,不含种子。经植物生长调节剂2次处理后,平均穗质量656.9g,平均单果质量8g。果肉汁液多,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)17%~20%,可滴定酸含量0.5%~0.6%,糖酸比30,硬度4.2~4.6kg·cm^(-2),维生素C含量6.36%,品质上。果实生育期100d,在浙江长兴避雨栽培条件下,6月底至7月初成熟,冬芽平均萌芽率为77.7%,成枝率为90%。抗盐碱和酸性土壤能力强,高抗白粉病,抗灰霉病能力较夏黑弱。适宜在南方地区种植,第2年开花结果,丰产性好,平均666.7m^(2)产量为1478.3kg。Nantaihutezao is a new,extremely early-ripening grape variety selected from the sport of Summer Black(V.vinifera-V.labrusca).It was initially selected in 2011 for its bright color and early rip-ening time.,which shows approximately 10 days earlier sprouting than Summer Black.After regional adaptability testing at three sites(including Changxing,Nanxun of Zhejiang,and Jianshui of Yunnan)from 2016 to 2018,it was finally selected in 2019.It was a triploid European and American hybrid vari-ety,and seedless.The tender shoots were semi-open,with medium dense hairs,and the tips were fully covered with anthocyanins.The young leaves were yellow-green with a red halo,and the upper surface was glossy,while the lower surface had medium density of creeping hairs.The mature leaves were green in color,nearly circular in shape with 3-5 lobes.The fruit cluster was cylindrical and compact,with an average length of 20 cm,an average width of 5 cm,and an average cluster weight of 250 g.The berry was round,with an average single berry weight of 2.75 g,and a fruit shape index of 1.03.The peel was purple-black,thick,and astringent-free,with a smooth surface and thick powder.The flesh was light purplein color,dense in texture,sweet in flavor,with a unique violet fragrance.After twice treatments with plant growth regulators,the average cluster weight was 656.9 g,and the average single berry weight was 8 g.The soluble solid content wa 17%-20%,titratable acidity 0.5%-0.6%,the ratio of soluble solid to acid owas 30,the hardness was 4.2-4.6 kg·cm^(-2),the Vitamin C content was 6.36%,and the anthocyanin content was 4.9 mg·g^(-1) fresh weight in the peel.The fruit quality was excellent.The fruit development period was 100 days.Under common rain-shelter cultivation conditions in Changxing,Zhejiang(longitude 119.97,latitude 31.04),the fruit matured at the end of June to early July.The aver-age bud burst rate was 95.0%,and the branch formation rate was 90%.It was highly resistant to saline-alkali and acidic soils,and powdery mildew,but weakly re

关 键 词：葡萄 新品种 南太湖特早 芽变 早熟 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]