国家公园保护和水库建设共同保障下游粮能水供给——以海南热带雨林国家公园为例  

Downstream food,energy and water supply jointly ensured by national park conservation and reservoir construction:a case study of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park

作　　者：王丽娟[1] 丁肇慰 胡小飞 郑华[2] WANG Lijuan;DING Zhaowei;HU Xiaofei;ZHENG Hua(Research Institute for Eco-civilization,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100710,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Hainan Academy of Environmental Sciences,Haikou 570642,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院生态文明研究所,北京100710 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [3]海南省环境科学研究院,海口570642

出　　处：《国家公园（中英文）》2024年第9期545-555,共11页Natinonal Park

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42201304);中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划(DF2023XXJC05);海南国家公园研究院研究课题“海南国家公园建设重点问题及创新研究”(STWM⁃HX⁃2023⁃001)。

摘　　要：国家公园保护的流域上游自然生态系统与水库基础设施,可通过涵养、存储、调蓄水资源,增加实际可利用的水资源量,从而满足了下游居民对粮食、能源和水资源的需求。然而,目前对于自然生态系统保护与水库基础设施建设如何共同保障下游社区的粮能水供给的量化研究不足。研究以海南热带园林国家公园保护、水电开发和粮食生产的重要区域——昌化江流域上下游为研究对象,探讨国家公园保护和水库建设对下游粮能水供给的共同保障作用。采用土壤和水评估工具(SWAT)评估国家公园保护对水库入流的影响,采用水资源评估和规划模型(WEAP)评估水库对下游人类用水需求以及对作物生产和水力发电的影响。研究发现,国家公园保护的天然林可以增加水库旱季入流(1.34%—22.64%),水库建设可以通过调节雨季储水、旱季放水满足下游居民的用水需求,进而提升作物产量(7.9%)。同时,国家公园的保护可增加水力发电量(7.3%)。研究结果揭示了国家公园保护的自然生态系统和水库建设共同保障了下游的粮食、能源和水资源供给。今后在管理国家公园及基础设施的过程中,应当特别重视这两者之间的协同管理。Upstream natural ecosystems,protected within national park areas and reservoirs infrastructure can conserve,store and regulate water flow to enhance the availability of water resources and thus meet food,energy and water needs of downstream residents.However,there is lack of quantitative research on the combined contributions of natural ecosystem conservation and reservoir construction to downstream food,energy,and water supply.In this study,the Changjiang River Basin,an important region for the conservation of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park,hydropower development,and food production,was taken as a case study to explore the joint role of national park conservation and reservoir construction in securing downstream food,energy,and water supplies.Besides,the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)was leveraged to assess the impact of protected areas on reservoir inflow,and the Water Evaluation and Planning System(WEAP)was used to evaluate the impact of reservoirs on downstream human water demand and subsequently on crop production and hydropower generation.According to the results,the forests protected by national parks could substantially increase reservoir inflows during dry seasons(by 1.34%—22.64%).Reservoirs,in turn,could store water during the rainy season and release it during the dry season to meet the water demands of downstream communities and thus enhance crop production(7.9%).Additionally,national park protection could trigger a 7.3%increase in hydropower generation from reservoirs.As demonstrated by these results,the natural ecosystems protected by national parks and reservoir could jointly ensure the food,energy,and water supply for downstream.In the future,priority should be given to the coordinated management of national parks and their associated infrastructure.

关 键 词：国家公园 森林 水库 粮能水 协同管理 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]