我国国家公园执法机制研究  

Research on law enforcement mechanism of Chinese national parks

作　　者：马小博 张欣炘 李媛辉[1,2] 徐基良[3] MA Xiaobo;ZHANG Xinxin;LI Yuanhui;XU Jiliang(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Forestry and Grassland Rule of Law Research Center,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学人文社会科学学院,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学林业和草原法治研究中心,北京100083 [3]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083

出　　处：《国家公园（中英文）》2024年第9期577-585,共9页Natinonal Park

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2021SPZ01);国家林业和草原局委托项目(2023010704)。

摘　　要：在缺乏中央立法对执法机制进行规定前提下,我国首批国家公园自建立以来结合自身实际情况,积极探索行之有效的执法机制。从目前各国家公园执法实践情况来看,执法机制可归纳总结分为三类,一是国家公园管理机构综合行政执法模式,二是森林公安执法+属地综合执法模式,三是国家公园与属地相关部门的联合执法模式,这三个执法模式各有优势和弊端。建立以国家公园管理机构为主体的综合行政执法机制是国家公园综合执法改革方向之一,但当前并不适用于所有的国家公园。分析各国家公园当前执法机制和执法状况,主要存在执法队伍力量薄弱,跨省域执法有效性衔接不高,以及执法过程中案件查处困难等问题。针对上述问题,在构建有效国家公园执法机制过程中,应当进一步明确国家公园执法职责,加强执法队伍和保障能力建设,多方面推动跨区域国家公园的执法协同,并在执法过程中规范案件的查处工作。As the current central legislation has no regulation on the law enforcement mechanisms of national parks,the first batch of Chinese national park has been actively exploring its law enforcement mechanisms since establishment according to its particular situation.From the current administrative law enforcement practices in various national parks,the administrative law enforcement mechanisms of the national parks can be classified into three categories:(1)the Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Model;(2)the Forest Police Law Enforcement Model+Local Government Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Model;(3)the Joint Law Enforcement Model between National Parks and Local Departments.These three law enforcement models have their respective advantages and disadvantages.Although Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Model is one of the reforming targets of law enforcement mechanism,it is currently unsuitable for all the national parks.At present,the main problems of law enforcement mechanisms include unclear law enforcement responsibilities,weak law enforcement teams,low effectiveness of cross⁃province law enforcement,as well as difficulties in investigating and handling with the relevant cases during the law enforcement process.During the construction process of an effective national park law enforcement mechanism,it is essential to further clarify the power and responsibilities of national park law enforcement,strengthen the capabilities of law enforcement teams,stimulate the cross⁃region law enforcement coordination in different aspects,and standardize the case investigation and handling in the law enforcement process.

关 键 词：国家公园 执法机制 综合执法 联合执法 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]