职业打假人出路探析——基于《最高人民法院关于审理食品药品惩罚性赔偿纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》的审视  

On the Way out for Occupational Anti-counterfeiting-Based on the Interpretation by The Supreme People's Court of Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Cases Involving Disputes over Punitive Damages for Food and Medicinal Products

作　　者：欧阳智 Ouyang Zhi(Faculty of Law,University of Macao,Macao 999078,China)

机构地区：[1]澳门大学法学院,中国澳门999078

出　　处：《河北科技师范学院学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期79-84,共6页Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：2024年《最高人民法院关于审理食品药品惩罚性赔偿纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》从多方面疏解了食品药品惩罚性赔偿适用问题,但“生活消费需要”作为求偿资格认定标准仍不够明确,“过罚相当”原则作为高额索赔限制,却存在语义模糊与诱使惩罚性赔偿制度错位的内在困境,同时明确的刑事违法责任存在扩大适用的风险,这些举措在规制不法打假行为的同时不能满足当下社会整体利益的需要。实务宜引导职业打假人与监管部门共治食品领域,同时构建弹性惩罚性赔偿制度,在取缔非法打假行为的同时,应综合审查行为动机、手段和后果等因素,旨在规范打假行为的同时兼顾其社会效益。The 2024 Judicial Interpretation on Punitive Damages for Food and Drugs has addressed the issues of punitive damages application for food and drugs from various perspectives.However,the criterion of living and consumption needs as a qualification for claiming compensation remains unclear,and the principle of equivalent punishment as a limitation on high-value claims presents inherent difficulties due to semantic ambiguity and the potential for misguided application of the system of punitive damages.At the same time,the explicit criminal liability for illegal activities poses a risk of expanded application.While regulating illegal counterfeiting,these measures fail to meet the needs of the overall interests of society.Occupational anti-counterfeiting and regulatory authorities should jointly manage the food sector,and a flexible system of punitive damages should be formulated.Their motives,means and consequences should be considered in cracking down on illegal anti-counterfeiting,so as to regulate occupational anti-counterfeiting while taking into account the social benefits.

关 键 词：生活消费需要 惩罚性赔偿制度 职业打假人 社会效益 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]