长远航舰员疲劳状况及影响因素分析  

Analysis on fatigue status and influencing factors of crew with long distance voyages

作　　者：孙占颖 唐楠 甘雪洋 高远[2] SUN Zhanying;TANG Nan;GAN Xueyang;GAO Yuan(Graduate School,Chinese People's Liberation Army(PLA)Medical School,Beijing 100853,China;Department of Nursing,301 Military Hospital First Medical Center,Beijing 100853,China)

机构地区：[1]解放军医学院研究生院,北京100853 [2]解放军总医院第一医学中心护理部,北京100853

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第20期2818-2821,2827,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：军队护理创新与培育专项(2021HL070)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨长远航舰员疲劳状况及影响因素,为降低心理应激水平和疲劳程度提供线索。方法 选取2023年7—9月执行长远航任务的502名舰员作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、心理弹性量表(connor-davidson resilience scale,CD-RISC)、简易应对方式问卷(simplified coping style questionnaire,SCSQ)、心理应激自评问卷(psychological stress self-evaluation test,PSET)和中文版多维疲劳量表(multidimensional fatigue inventory,MFI-20)进行问卷调查,使用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析。结果 长远航舰员的疲劳总分为(52.68±26.06)分,其中有明显疲劳症状的占总人数的39.4%。不同教育程度舰员疲劳评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中本科及以上文化程度舰员疲劳评分高于大专和高中及以下舰员疲劳评分;消极应对方式和心理应激与疲劳呈正相关、心理弹性与疲劳呈负相关(均P<0.01);心理弹性、积极应对方式和心理应激可解释疲劳变异的57.0%[F(4,497)=167.315,P<0.01]。结论 长远航舰员疲劳程度处于较高水平,消极应对方式和心理应激可正向预测长远航舰员疲劳程度,心理弹性可负向预测长远航舰员疲劳程度。可以通过心理弹性训练改变消极应对认知,进而降低长远航舰员心理应激水平和疲劳程度,提高整体任务效能。Objective To explore the fatigue status and influencing factors of crew during long distance voyages,and provide clues for reducing their psychological stress level and fatigue level.Methods A total of 502 crew who were on a long voyage mission from July to September 2023 were selected as the research subjects.A general information survey questionnaire,the Connor Davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC),the simplified coping style questionnaire(SCSQ),the psychological stress self evaluation test(PSET),and the Chinese version of the multidimensional fatigue inventory(MFI-20)were used for the questionnaire survey,and SPSS 26.0 software was used for data analysis.Results The total fatigue score of crew during long distance voyages was(52.68±26.06)points,of which 39.4%had obvious fatigue symptoms.There was a statistically significant difference in the fatigue scores of crew with different levels of education(P<0.01),among which the fatigue scores of crew during long distance voyages with a bachelor's degree or above were higher than those with a junior college,high school or below.Negative coping styles and psychological stress were positively correlated with fatigue,while psychological resilience was negatively correlated with fatigue(all P<0.01).Psychological resilience,positive coping styles,and psychological stress could explain 57.0%of the variation in fatigue[F(4,497)=167.315,P<0.01].Conclusion The fatigue level of crew during long distance voyages is at a relatively high level.Negative coping styles and psychological stress can positively predict the fatigue level of crew during long distance voyages,while psychological resilience can negatively predict the fatigue level of crew during long distance voyages.Psychological resilience training can be used to change negative coping cognition,thereby reducing the psychological stress level and fatigue level of crew during long distance voyages and improving overall task efficiency.

关 键 词：疲劳 心理弹性 应对方式 心理应激 长远航 舰员 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]