把观念装进头脑--马克思关于思想政治教育过程的规律性揭示  

Putting Ideas into the Mind-Marxs Regular Revelations on the Process of Ideological and Political Education

作　　者：钟启东 ZHONG Qidong(School of Marrism,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学马克思主义学院,北京100817

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期1-8,共8页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(21VSZ001)。

摘　　要：马克思在批判费尔巴哈宗教批判的理论局限时指出,提出和回答人们怎样把宗教幻想“塞进自己头脑”才是问题的关键。这个问题在开辟通往唯物主义世界观道路的同时,也提出了确立“真正批判的世界观”的哲学革命要求。正是基于这个中心问题,马克思通过从个别到一般、从副本到原本的意识形态批判,推进了历史唯物主义的哲学革命和思想政治教育叙事:观念源于生活,意识形态观念源于生活矛盾和阶级斗争,“把观念装进头脑”是国家进行统治和个人委身于信仰的共同需要;但是一种意识形态观念能否真正进入头脑成为占统治地位的精神力量,在根本上取决于这个观念是否意识到了占主导地位的物质力量,在策略上则取决于同时意识到这个物质力量的思想政治教育孰优孰劣。在此意义上,“把观念装进头脑”正是思想政治教育本身,也是思想政治教育规律的本身过程。马克思关于这个过程实质的规律性揭示,奠定了马克思主义思想政治教育学的核心观点与理论原则。In criticizing the theoretical limitations of Feuerbach's critique of religion,Marx points out that the key to the problem is to ask and answer how people can"put religious illusions into their minds",a question that opens the way to a materialist worldview while at the same time posing the de-mand for a philosophical revolution that establishes a"genuinely critical worldview"and a"truly criti-cal worldview".It is on the basis of this central question that Marx advances the philosophical revolu-tion of historical materialism and the narrative of ideological and political education through the ideo-logical critique from the individual to the general,and from the copy to the original.He holds that con-cepts originate from life,ideological concepts originate from the contradictions of life and class strug-gle,and putting concepts into the mind is a common necessity of the state for domination and of the in-dividual's commitment to beliefs.However,whether an ideological concept can really enter the mind and become the dominant spiritual force depends fundamentally on whether the concept is aware of the dominant material force,and strategically on whether the ideological and political education that is also aware of this material force is better or worse.In this sense,"putting ideas into the mind"is the very thing of the process of ideological and political education,and Marx's regular revelation of the essence ofthis process lays down the core viewpoints and theoretical principles,of Marxist ideological and polit-ical pedagogy.

关 键 词：马克思 思想政治教育 意识形态 观念 《德意志意识形态》 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]