论李开先的曲史观与曲词观及其曲学史意义  

Li Kaixian's Views on Qu History and Lyrics and Their Significance in the History of Qu Studies

作　　者：李亦辉[1] Li Yihui(the School of Literature at Heilongjiang University)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学文学院,黑龙江省哈尔滨市150080

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2024年第5期181-191,共11页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“中国古代戏曲曲词观研究”[项目编号:20FZWB007]的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：李开先是明代曲学史上承先启后的重要曲家,其曲史观与曲词观具有一体两面、互为表里的关系。他以“本色”“文词”的错综交替为曲史嬗变的基本线索,认为金、元及明初是曲史发展的繁盛期,曲词以本色为主,部分杰出曲家则本色、文词“兼而有之”;明初以降是曲史发展的新变期,本色、文词“分而两之”,“词人之词”与“文人之词”各擅胜场。基于对曲史的整体观照与对曲体的深入思考,尤其是对“犹唐之李、杜”的张可久、乔吉与其词友袁崇冕的曲作的精心体察,李开先提出“语俊意长,俗雅俱备”的曲词观,主张浅畅之词与沉挚之思相结合,俗与雅两种风格要素同时具备,开晚明雅俗相济的曲词审美理想之先河。其曲论回应了当时曲坛所面临的理论难题,指明了曲体文学正确的发展方向,为晚明清初传奇戏曲高峰期的到来廓清了道路。Li Kaixian was a key figure in the history of Ming dynasty qu studies, who served as a link between earlier traditions and emerging trends. His views on qu history and lyrics were closely related, with both aspects complementing each other. He identified the alternation between “natural color” and “elegant lyrics” as the central thread in the evolution of qu history, suggesting that the Jin, Yuan, and early Ming dynasties represented the flourishing periods of qu history, where qu lyrics were predominantly characterized by natural color, while some outstanding composers integrated both natural color and elegant lyrics. From the mid-Ming period onward, qu history entered a new phase of development, with natural color and elegant lyrics becoming distinct categories, and “composers' lyrics” and “literati's lyrics” excelling in their respective fields. Based on a comprehensive observation of qu history and a deep reflection on lyrics style, particularly through the careful examination of works by Zhang Kejiu and Qiao Ji, who were regarded as the “Li Bai and Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty”, and lyricist Yuan Chongmian, Li Kaixian proposed the concept that “language should be handsome, meaning profound, and both popular and elegant.” He advocated for the combination of accessible language with deep thought, and the integration of popular and elegant elements. His theory on lyrics addressed the theoretical challenges facing the qu community at the time, clarified the proper developmental direction for qu literature, and paved the way for the peak of chuanqi drama in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.

关 键 词：李开先 《西野〈春游词〉序》 本色 文词 俗雅俱备 

分 类 号：I207.3[文学—中国文学]