从历史法学批判到对理性法的怀疑——青年马克思的两次思想转折  

From the Critique of Historical Jurisprudence to the Doubt of Rational Law:Two Intellectual Transitions of Young Marx

作　　者：林钊 陈沛丽 LIN Zhao;CHEN Peili(School of Marxism,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学马克思主义学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《烟台大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期71-79,共9页Journal of Yantai University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：马克思在《〈政治经济学批判〉序言》中对自己的学术生涯和学术观点的说明,实际上暗示了他思想发展中的两次转折和两个对手。他是从法学转向法哲学继而转向法哲学批判的,他的历史唯物主义既要克服只从法律本身出发的历史法学的保守,也要克服从抽象理性出发的理性法学的虚弱。蒂堡、黑格尔所代表的理性主义法学与胡果、萨维尼所代表的历史主义法学关于德国是否制定统一民法典的争论,是马克思转向黑格尔主义并在《莱茵报》上批判历史法学派的动因。马克思认为,历史主义的反动在于其主张的“动物的法”正迎合了德国当时作为“庸人世界”的保守状况。在对《林木盗窃法》的深入剖析中,马克思意识到了物质利益对法的强大制约作用和法理的软弱无力,并对理性法开始产生怀疑。他完成两次思想转折后最终达成的历史唯物主义是对历史法学和理性法学的共同超越。rationality.The debate between the rationalist law represented by Thibaut and Hegel and the historical jurisprudence represented by Gustav Hugo and Savigny on whether Germany should establish a unified civil code was the catalyst for Marx’s turn to Hegelianism and his critique of the historical school of law in the Rheinische Zeitung.Marx perceived the reactionary stance of historism,advocating a“law of animals”,as accommodating the conservative state of Germany as the“philistine world”at that time.In his discussion of the“Law on Thefts of Wood”,Marx recognized the profound influence of material interests on law and the frailty of legal rationality,leading him to question rational law.The historical materialism he ultimately achieved after these two intellectual transitions represents a transcendence of historical jurisprudence and rationalist law.

关 键 词：理性法 实在法 历史法学派 《林木盗窃法》 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] B0-0