沙尘气溶胶散射效应对大气二氧化碳卫星遥感反演误差的影响分析  

Quantifying the scattering effect of dust aerosols on satellite remote sensing retrievals of atmospheric carbon dioxide

作　　者：华健聪 曾招城 HUA Jiancong;ZENG Zhaocheng(Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System,School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学地球与空间科学学院遥感与地理信息系统研究所,北京100871

出　　处：《遥感学报》2024年第10期2582-2599,共18页NATIONAL REMOTE SENSING BULLETIN

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2022YFB3903702);国家自然科学基金(编号:42275142)。

摘　　要：二氧化碳(CO_(2))是一种重要的温室气体,利用卫星遥感可实现全球大气CO_(2)的持续大范围监测,对于制定减排策略应对全球气候变暖具有重要意义。大气中的气溶胶散射效应是制约卫星高精度CO_(2)反演的主要因素。现有研究表明,在地表反照率较高的地区,例如沙漠地区,卫星反演的CO_(2)大气柱平均干燥空气混合比(XCO_(2))比真实值普遍偏高,偏差程度可达到满足实际应用需求所允许误差的50%。然而目前学界对此还缺乏足够的理解和定量分析。围绕这一难点问题,本文应用精准的大气辐射传输模型和基于最优化估计的XCO_(2)全物理反演算法,分析和量化沙漠地区沙尘气溶胶散射效应所导致的XCO_(2)反演误差。本研究从气溶胶的3个重要特征变量出发,包括气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)、气溶胶层高(ALH)和单次散射反照率(SSA),解析沙尘气溶胶散射效应导致XCO_(2)卫星反演结果偏差的物理机制。研究结果表明卫星反演算法中低估沙尘气溶胶的AOD、低估ALH或高估SSA是沙漠地区XCO_(2)出现高估的可能原因。具体表现为:(1)在反演算法不考虑气溶胶的情况下,若实际AOD大于1.0,将导致XCO_(2)反演结果高估超过1%;(2)当AOD低估0.3至0.5时,XCO_(2)的反演结果将高估0.15%至1.28%;(3)当ALH低估超过0.6 km时,XCO_(2)将高估超过1%;(4)在高估单次散射反照率(SSA)的情况下,XCO_(2)反演结果偏高,但高估不超过0.15%。由本文的模拟实验可知,精准的气溶胶信息对于实现高精度的XCO_(2)反演极为关键。本文还探究了沙漠地区可能发生的“临界反照率”效应对反演结果的影响,并指出此效应可能是高亮地表中CO_(2)探测卫星无法同时量化气溶胶信息的根源。本文提出,为了解决这一难题,实际反演中需要综合气溶胶探测仪器的观测数据对气溶胶信息进行进一步约束以提高XCO_(2)的反演精度。本文结论可为未来卫星反演算法的�Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is an important greenhouse gas.Satellite remote sensing of atmospheric CO_(2) has the advantages of long-term and wide spatial range observation,which is crucial for verifying emission reduction strategies to cope with global warming.Aerosol scattering in the atmosphere is considered a major obstacle for remote sensing retrieval of CO_(2) with high accuracy.Previous studies have shown that over areas with high surface albedo,such as desert regions,satellite retrievals of atmospheric column-average dry-air mole fraction of CO_(2)(XCO_(2))are systematically overestimated,and the bias can reach 50%of the allowable error to meet the practical application requirements.However,sufficient understandings and quantitative analysis of the systematic bias are still lacking.Focusing on this difficult problem,this thesis analyzes and quantifies the bias of XCO_(2) retrievals caused by the scattering effect of dust aerosol over desert regions using an accurate atmospheric radiative transfer model and a retrieval algorithm based on optimal estimation.This study starts from three important representative variables of aerosols,including aerosol optical depth(AOD),aerosol layer height(ALH),and single scattering albedo(SSA),to illustrate the physical mechanism of dust aerosol scattering effects on XCO_(2)remote sensing retrievals.From the perspective of spectral radiance generated from forward radiative transfer model,increasing AOD leads to a decrease in the spectrum continuum level(defined as radiance of channels where gas absorption can be neglected)in the case of high surface albedo through its extinction effect.Increasing ALH causes reduced relative absorption depth(defined as the ratio of radiance difference between continuum level and absorption channels to continuum level),which is closely related to the XCO_(2) retrievals.From the perspective of retrieval model,this thesis conducts separate retrieval experiments using the O_(2)A band and the WCO_(2) band,respectively,and joint retrieval experiment usi

关 键 词：沙尘气溶胶 二氧化碳卫星 遥感反演算法 散射效应 辐射传输模型 

分 类 号：P2[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]