某高铜金精矿浸出过程中银工艺矿物学特征研究及工艺优化措施  

Study on process mineralogical characteristics and optimization measures for silver during leaching of a high-copper gold concentrate

作　　者：李环 朱金超 李宁 蔡明明 李梅礼 梁秉政 Li Huan;Zhu Jinchao;Li Ning;Cai Mingming;Li Meili;Liang Bingzheng(Shandong Gold Smelting Co.,Ltd.;Metallurgical Laboratory Branch,Shandong Gold Mining Technology Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]山东黄金冶炼有限公司 [2]山东黄金矿业科技有限公司选冶实验室分公司

出　　处：《黄金》2024年第12期84-88,共5页Gold

摘　　要：某黄金冶炼公司高铜金精矿在浸出过程中银存在“反沉淀”问题,为探究其机理,利用扫描电镜、X射线能谱仪等分析了高铜金精矿及浸出样品的工艺矿物学特性。研究发现,银主要存在于硫银矿(40.37%)和金银矿(32.05%)中,其他矿物含量较低。在浸出过程中,除硫银矿外,其他含银矿物逐渐溶解,硫银矿则以“反沉淀”形式出现。银矿物共生体多为硫化矿,浸出时还生成了硫砷铜矿和硫酸盐矿物,新硫化银多与之共生。针对此问题,进行了碱浸预处理试验,试验结果显示,当石灰用量为7%时,金、银浸出速率大幅提升,说明碱浸能有效减少硫离子对银浸出的干扰,并消除部分矿物杂质对金浸出的不利影响。研究结果为同类型矿石的工艺优化提供了有力支持。During the leaching process of silver from a high-copper gold concentrate at a gold smelting company,the issue of"reprecipitation"of silver arises.To investigate the mechanism,process mineralogical characteristics such as silver distribution and dissociation in the high-copper gold concentrate and leach samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy.Results indicate that silver primarily exists in acanthite(40.37%)and gold-silver minerals(32.05%),with lower contents in other minerals.During leaching,all silver-bearing minerals except acanthite gradually dissolve,while acanthite appears in the form of"reprecipitation".Silver minerals are mostly associated with sulfide minerals,and sulfoarsenite copper minerals and sulfates form during leaching,with newly formed silver sulfides often associated with them.To address this issue,alkaline pre-leaching tests were conducted.Results show that when lime dosage is 7%,the leaching rates of gold and silver significantly increase,indicating that alkaline leaching effectively reduces interference from sulfur ions on silver leaching and mitigates adverse effects from some mineral impurities on gold leaching.These findings provide robust support for process optimization of similar ores.

关 键 词：高铜金精矿 银反沉淀 硫化银 硫砷铜矿 硫酸盐 工艺矿物学 

分 类 号：TD982[矿业工程—选矿]