渤海海冰漂移及其动力影响因子数值模拟研究  

Numerical Simulation Study on Sea Ice Drift and Its Dynamic Impact Factors in Bohai Sea

作　　者：卫婷婷 拾兵[1] Wei Tingting;Shi Bing(College of Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学工程学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2025年第1期39-50,共12页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目-山东省联合基金项目(U2006227);国家重点研究发展计划项目(2022YFC3204300,2022YFC2803803)资助。

摘　　要：渤海作为中国重要的海上枢纽,每年冬季均会发生不同程度水位的海冰灾害,严重威胁区域经济健康发展。为研究渤海海域海冰的生长消融与动态分布过程,本文综合考虑潮流、风场、气温等影响因素,建立渤海海冰三维数学模型,对比分析潮流和风场协同作用,不考虑海冰运动,仅风场作用以及仅潮流作用工况下渤海海冰的运动过程。模拟结果表明:潮流的不对称性会造成海冰漂移,仅潮流作用下的海冰漂移具有明显周期性;渤海三个海湾海冰面积在1月25日—3月3日、1月12日—2月20日与1月16日—2月13日呈现明显周期性变化,对应周期为16、17和18 d;三个海湾仅有风作用时与潮流和风协同作用时的海冰面积变化趋势一致;风对海冰分布有重要影响,海冰所受主要风会对其造成同向输送;渤海海域冬季盛行偏北风,促进渤海海冰从近岸向海漂移,当风向一定时,风速变化引起不同厚度海冰的面积变化及质心位置改变;随着风速增大的加剧,东北风向对辽东湾海冰漂移影响最大,西北风向对渤海湾与莱州湾海冰漂移影响最大。本研究丰富了对渤海海冰演变机理与运动过程的科学认知,可为区域灾害防范与应对提供科技支撑。As a crucial maritime hub in China,the Bohai Sea experiences varying degrees of sea ice disasters every winter,significantly impeding socio-economic development.To study the growth,melting,and dynamic distribution of sea ice in the Bohai Sea,this paper,based on the Delft-3D software,establishes a three-dimensional mathematical model of Bohai Sea ice.Considering factors such as tidal currents,wind fields,and air temperatures,the research conducts comparative analyses of the collaborative effects of tidal currents and wind fields,scenarios excluding sea ice movement,scenarios considering only the impact of wind fields,and scenarios considering only the influence of tidal currents on the movement of sea ice in the Bohai Sea.The simulation results indicate that the asymmetry of tidal currents causes drift in sea ice.Under the sole influence of tidal currents,the drift of sea ice exhibits distinct periodicity.The ice areas in three bays of the Bohai Sea display evident cyclic changes from January 25th to March 3rd,January 12th to February 20th and January 16th to February 13th,corresponding to periods of 16,17,and 18 days respectively.The predominant winds affecting sea ice mainly result in co-directional transport.During winter in the Bohai Sea area,prevailing northerly winds promote the drift of sea ice from nearshore areas towards the open sea.Under specific wind conditions,northeasterly winds exert the greatest influence on the drift of sea ice in Liaodong Bay,while northwesterly winds have the greatest impact on the drift of sea ice in Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay.This study enriches the scientific understanding of the evolution and movement processes of sea ice in the Bohai Sea,providing technological support for regional disaster prevention and response.When influenced solely by wind or in synergy with tidal currents,the trends in sea ice area variations in these three bays align.Wind plays a significant role in the distribution of sea ice,as the predominant winds affecting sea ice mainly result in co-directional

关 键 词：渤海海冰 风场 潮流 数值模拟 

分 类 号：P731.15[天文地球—海洋科学]