台湾冷泉中厌氧细菌的分离培养和多样性研究  

Isolation,Cultivation and Diversity of Anaerobic Bacteria from Taiwan Cold Seep in the South China Sea

作　　者：杨晓宇 张晓华[1,2,3] 王晓磊 史晓翀 Yang Xiaoyu;Zhang Xiaohua;Wang Xiaolei;Shi Xiaochong(College of Marine Life Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Laoshan Laboratory,Qingdao 266237,China;Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛266003 [2]崂山实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [3]中国海洋大学深海圈层与地球系统前沿科学中心,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2025年第1期95-106,共12页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划项目(2017YFA0603200)资助。

摘　　要：针对目前台湾冷泉厌氧可培养细菌类群多样性的认知不足的现状,本研究旨在深入探究研究区域小尺度范围内可培养厌氧微生物多样性及分布规律。为此,本研究利用12种厌氧培养基,包括厌氧MA(2216E)、改良2216E(以下称为MA+、1/MA)、R2A、4种SPG厌氧培养基、3种NMS以及DZJ培养基,对采集自台湾冷泉的沉积物、海水、动物样品中的厌氧菌进行富集、分离和培养,然后通过16S rRNA基因测序对分离纯化后的菌株进行分类鉴定。研究结果表明,台湾冷泉厌氧细菌具有较高的多样性,从台湾冷泉共分离鉴定厌氧菌375株,它们分属3个门(变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria))、29个属、49个种,其中γ-变形菌纲占绝对优势地位,优势类群包括弧菌属(Vibrio)、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)和葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)等。此外,还发现了15株(3种)潜在的海洋新菌。本研究还发现,不同培养基对不同类群的影响不同且程度各异,如MA(2216E)培养基对γ-变形菌纲分离培养效率较高,而SPG培养基在获得新菌方面具有优势。In view of the lack of understanding of the diversity of anaerobic culturable bacteria in Taiwan cold seep in the South China Sea,in order to explore the diversity and distribution of culturable anaerobic microorganisms in a small scale in the research area.Therefor,12 kinds of anaerobic media were used in this study,including anaerobic MA(2216E),modified MA(hereinafter referred to as MA+,1/MA),R2A,four kinds of SPG anaerobic media,three kinds of NMS and DZJ media,were used to enrich,isolate and cultivate anaerobic bacteria in sediments,seawater and animal samples collected from Taiwan cold seep,and the purified ones were sequenced by 16S rRNA gene.The results showed that there was a high diversity of anaerobic bacteria in Taiwan cold seep in the South China Sea.A total of 375 strains of anaerobic bacteria were isolated and identified from Taiwan cold seep,belonging to 3 phyla(Proteobacteria,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria),29 genera and 49 species,of whichγ-Proteobacteria was dominant.The dominant groups include Vibrio,Shewanella,Enterobacter,Staphylococcus and so on.In addition,15 strains(3 potential)new marine bacteria were found.It was also found that different media had different effects on different groups,MA(2216E)medium has a high efficiency in isolating and cultivatingγ-proteobacteria,SPG culture medium has advantages in obtaining new bacteria.

关 键 词：冷泉 可培养细菌 厌氧细菌 多样性 16S rRNA 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学]