平原水库库底浅层气分布特征及其诱发库底渗漏模式初探  

The Distribution Characteristics of Gas at the Bottom of Plain Reservoir and the Gas Induced Reservoir Bottom Leakage Mode

作　　者：李涛[1] 张宇丰 张振超 孙计同[2,3] 郭恩宇 Li Tao;Zhang Yufeng;Zhang Zhenchao;Sun Jitong;Guo Enyu(Ji’nan Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying Research Institute,Jinan 250000,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Key Laboratory of Shandong Province for Marine Environment and Geological Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;School of physics and Electronics,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250000,China)

机构地区：[1]济南市勘察测绘研究院,山东济南250000 [2]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266100 [3]山东省海洋环境地质工程重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [4]山东师范大学物理系,山东济南250000

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2025年第1期130-139,共10页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(201962005)资助。

摘　　要：本研究以某平原水库为研究区,基于钻探、浅地层剖面结果并结合理论分析,对浅层气致平原水库库底渗漏问题进行了研究。结果显示浅地层剖面法可有效探测平原水库库底浅层气分布。当前库底浅层气在库心沉积物中多个区域独立分布。气温的变化、近三年地下水位及水库蓄水水位的波动均无法引起研究区内水库的库底浅层气突破库底夯实黏土层。但若地下水上升最大幅度由1.1~1.2 m升高到1.4~1.6 m,或水库蓄水最小水深由3.8~4.1 m降低到0.5~3 m时,当前库底浅层气热点分布区的库底黏土防渗层将存在破坏风险。平原水库库底浅层气分布时空演化及其诱发库底渗漏过程可分四个阶段:建成初期,库底浅层气向库心汇聚阶段;极端事件引发库底气突破库底夯实黏土层致浅层气释放阶段;极端事件结束气体排泄通道/渗漏通道被限制或被关闭阶段;前两个阶段反复多次后库底沉积物饱和,库底渗漏点形成阶段。Under the influence of changes in reservoir water level and fluctuations in groundwater level,the shallow gas at the bottom of plain reservoirs has the potential risk of breaking through the compacted clay at the bottom of the reservoir for seepage prevention,resulting in leakage at the bottom of the reservoir.Identifying the spatial distribution of shallow gas at the bottom of the reservoir and dividing its distribution hotspots,clarifying the mode of shallow gas induced leakage at the bottom of the reservoir,can provide theoretical support for the safety analysis and long-term operation protection of plain reservoirs.This study takes one plain reservoir as the research area,and conducts research on the above issues based on drilling,shallow stratum cross-section results,and theoretical analysis.The results show that the shallow stratum cross-section method can effectively detect the distribution of shallow gas at the bottom of plain reservoirs.The shallow gas at the bottom of the reservoir currently exhibits an independent distribution pattern in multiple regions in the sediment of the reservoir center.The changes in temperature,groundwater level in the past three years,and fluctuations in reservoir water level cannot cause shallow gas to break through the compacted clay layer at the bottom of the reservoir.However,if the maximum amplitude of groundwater level rise increases from 1.1~1.2 m to 1.4~1.6 m,or the minimum water depth of reservoir storage decreases from 3.8~4.1 m to 0.5~3 m,the compacted clay at the bottom of the shallow gas hot spot distribution area will have the risk of failure.The spatiotemporal evolution of gas distribution at the bottom of a plain reservoir and its resulting leakage can be divided into four stages since the completion of the reservoir:the initial stage of gas convergence towards the center of the reservoir;The stage of gas release caused by a special extreme event causing the gas at the bottom of the reservoir to break through the compacted clay layer.The stage where the gas di

关 键 词：库底浅层气 浅地层剖面法 平原水库 库底渗漏 土体拉张破坏 

分 类 号：P345[天文地球—水文科学]