沅水流域历史时期旱涝特征的新记录:古建筑的古水文价值  

A New Record of Characteristics of Droughts and Floods in Yuan River Basin:Paleohydrological Values of Ancient Building

作　　者：郑丹丹[1] 杨乃[2] 旷健 Zheng Dandan;Yang Nai;Kuang Jian(School of Arts and Communication,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;School of Geography and Information Engineering,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430078,China;State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430078,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学艺术与传媒学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学地理与信息工程学院,湖北武汉430078 [3]中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430078

出　　处：《地球科学》2024年第11期4035-4046,共12页Earth Science

摘　　要：湖南省沅水下游分布着众多以水神庙为代表的古建筑.在古代,作为水神信仰的水神庙依水而建,以祈求水上交通安全、指引航道为主.解读古建筑的古水文价值,探讨沅水流域历史时期旱涝特征,为研究区域气候变化提供参考.由于水神庙等古建筑依水而建的特殊性,所以它的遗址标记了古代沅水的岸线;另一方面,古建筑的建造基座高于当年水位高度.用古建筑的位置和基座高程等数据重建历史上沅水下游河道变迁和旱涝特征.水神庙为代表的古建筑集中于沅水下游流域平原区和丘陵与平原过渡带,与历史时期河道变迁和旱涝特征等古水文环境有较好的对应性.镇龙阁水神庙实证了当地水域为古河道;武陵区石柜指示了在五代十国时期为极度干旱期,康熙年间为洪水期,通过计算得出古建筑40 m为干湿气候平均值,高于40 m为洪水泛滥期,即气候温暖期,低于40 m则为干旱期,即气候寒冷期,为古气候研究提供重要价值.Many ancient buildings represented by Water Temples are located in the lower reach of the Yuan River in Hunan Province.In ancient times,due to the worship of water god,the water god temples were generally built near,water,mainly for praying for the safety of water transportation and facilitating the navigation.In this paper it interprets the paleohydrological value of ancient buildings,explores the characteristics of droughts and floods in the history of the Yuan River basin,and provides references for the study of regional climate change.Because of the special nature of ancient buildings such as the Water God Temple built by water,so its site marked the ancient shoreline of the Yuan River.In addition,the ancient buildings were built on bases higher than the height of the water level in that year.Data such as the location of the ancient buildings and the elevation of their bases were used to reconstruct the historical river channel changes and drought and flood characteristics of the lower reach of the Yuan River.The ancient buildings represented by the Water God Temple are concentrated on the plain area and the transition zone between hills and plains in the downstream of Yuan River,which corresponds well with the paleohydrological environment such as river channel changes and drought and flood characteristics in the history.The Water God Temple in Zhenlongge proves that the local water is an ancient river channel;the stone cabinet in Wuling District indicates an extremely dry period during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period and a flood period during the Kangxi period,the average value of dry and wet climate is calculated for 40 meters from the ancient buildings;above 40 meters is the flooding period,it’s the warm climate period,and below 40 meters is the dry period,it’s the cold climate period,which provides important values for ancient climate research.

关 键 词：沅水下游 古建筑 古水文价值 旱涝特征 气候变化 水文地质 环境地质. 

分 类 号：P69[天文地球—地质学]