有机质(镜质体和沥青)反射率化学动力学模型:回顾与进展  

Chemical Kinetics Models of Organic Matter(Vitrinite and Bitumen)Reflectance:Retrospect and Advances

作　　者：李志强 张如才 梁雪梅 裴小刚 陈彰进 Li Zhiqiang;Zhang Rucai;Liang Xuemei;Pei Xiaogang;Chen Zhangjin(Tianjin Branch of China National Offshore Oil Corporation,Tianjin 300459,China)

机构地区：[1]中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司,天津300459

出　　处：《地球科学》2024年第11期4130-4155,共26页Earth Science

基　　金：中国海洋石油集团有限公司“十四五”重大科技项目(No.KJGG2022-0401);中海石油(中国)有限公司“七年行动计划”科技重大项目(No.CNOOC-KJ135 ZDXM36TJ08TJ);中海石油(中国)有限公司综合科研项目(No.KJZH-2024-2107);中国海洋石油集团有限公司科研平台建设项目(No.CNOOC-KJPT-GCJS-2020-01).

摘　　要：镜质体反射率(R_(o))和沥青反射率(BR_(o))化学动力学模型是标定沉积盆地热历史和预测烃源岩热演化最常用的研究手段,近年来已经取得显著进展,但并没有引起国内科研工作者的足够重视.在回顾化学动力学模型研究历程的基础上,报道了相关研究新进展.Vitrimat 1989模型和经典的Easy%R_(o)模型基于3个原理:(1)R_(o)与H/C和O/C有关;(2)镜质体热降解产物为残余镜质体和4种产物(H_(2)O、CO_(2)、CHn、CH_(4))的总和;(3)热降解反应遵循Arrhenius方程.Easy%R_(o)模型存在设计缺陷:(1)使用的频率因子(1×10^(13))过低;(2)优化活化能分布时缺少过成熟度(R_(o)>2.0%)样品.在实际运用(地质升温速率)中的不足包括:(1)当实测R_(o)<0.9%时,Easy%R_(o)模型对R_(o)的计算值过高;(2)当实测R_(o)>2.0%时,Easy%R_(o)模型对R_(o)的计算值过低.详细介绍了Basin%R_(o)、Easy%R_(o)DL、Easy%R_(o)V和Easy%R_(o)B等新一代化学动力学模型的数据基础、校准原理和潜在适用性.BasinR_(o)%模型在中‒低熟阶段展现的“dog-leg”曲线特征可能不适用于R_(o)-深度剖面;Easy%R_(o)DL模型具有较强的地质条件适用性;Easy%R_(o)V模型更加适用于实验室加热速率条件;在地质升温速率下,为R_(o)开发的新一代化学动力学模型全部提高了当R_(o)>2.0%时的计算值;Easy%R_(o)B模型是基于BR_(o)-VR_(o)(等效镜质体反射率)函数关系和Vitrimat 2018(Type-Ⅱ)模型并为BR_(o)设计的模型,具有较高的地质条件适用性.基于PetroMod盆地模拟平台中的Calibration化学动力学模块和Kinetics生烃动力学模块,展示了新一代化学动力学模型在超深层烃源岩成熟度标定和预测、中‒低成熟度烃源岩R_(o)反演热历史及盆地动力学、结合生烃动力学参数建立生烃模型等应用案例.指出未来应重视地质升温速率/实验室加热速率下新一代化学动力学模型的适应性问题研究;提高反射率测量准确性、正确识别反射The chemical kinetics model of the reflectance of vitrinite and bitumen is the most used research method to calibrate the thermal history of basin and predict the thermal evolution of source rocks.In recent years,important research progress has been made,but it has not attracted much attention from domestic researchers.Based on reviewing the research process of the chemical kinetic model of organic matter,in this paper it reports the new progress of relevant research.The classical Vitrimat model and Easy%R_(o)model are based on three principles:(1)the vitrinite reflectance is related to H/C and O/C.(2)The thermal degradation product of vitrinite was the sum of residual vitrinite and four kinds of products(H_(2)O,CO_(2),CHn,CH_(4)).(3)Thermal degradation reaction follows Arrhenius equation.Easy%R_(o)model has design defects:(1)the frequency factor(1×10^(13))is too low;(2)lack of high maturity(R_(o)>2.0%)samples when optimizing activation energy distribution.The shortcomings in practical application include:(1)when the measured R_(o)<0.9%,the calculated value of Easy%R_(o)is too high;(2)when the measured R_(o)>2.0%,the calculated value of the Easy%R_(o)model is too low.New models Basin%R_(o),Easy%R_(o)DL,Easy%R_(o)V and Easy%R_(o)B(bitumen)are designed to overcome the obvious shortcomings of the Easy%R_(o)kinetics model,but the data basis,calibration principles and potential applicability of each model are different.The“dog-leg”curve characteristic of BasinR_(o)%model at medium-low maturity stage may not be applicable to vitrinite reflectance-depth profile;The Easy%R_(o)DL model has strong applicability to geological conditions;Easy%R_(o)V is more suitable for laboratory heating rate conditions.At the geological heating rate,the new chemical kinetics models developed for R_(o)have all improved the calculated values when R_(o)>2.0%.Easy%R_(o)B is a kinetics model designed for BR_(o)based on the function relation of BR_(o)-VR_(o)(equivalent Vitinite reflectance)and Vitrimat 2018(Type-Ⅱ)model,which has high app

关 键 词：Easy%Ro 镜质体反射率 沥青反射率 烃源岩热演化 盆地模拟 盆地地温场 动力学 化学动力学模型 石油地质. 

分 类 号：P618[天文地球—矿床学]