法官回应类案的程序与方法:以普通类案为中心  

The Procedure and Method for Judges to Respond to Similar Cases:Centered on Ordinary Cases

作　　者：韩小安 HAN Xiaoan

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院 [2]江苏省苏州市中级人民法院国际商事审判庭

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2024年第4期78-90,共13页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

摘　　要：根据类案效力的差异,类案可以分为人民法院案例库入库案例(含指导性案例)以及普通类案。根据《人民法院案例库建设运行工作规程》规定,法官应对入库案例参照与否通过裁判说理予以回应。而对于普通类案,最高人民法院颁行的《关于统一法律适用加强类案检索的指导意见(试行)》则规定“法官可以通过释明等方式予以回应”,但并未明确法官对当事人提交的普通类案的处理程序和处理方法。普通类案是司法实践中当事人提交频次最高的类案,因此须通过建构普通类案回应程序来将“释明等回应方式”予以具体化。当事人根据规则筛选出有限数量的类案作为诉辩理由提交;法官引导当事人就筛选出的类案是否实质相似等要素进行辩论;经过辩论程序的类案,法官在裁判文书中就参照与否予以说理。通过当事人的实质参与及法官对普通类案的程序内回应机制,可吸收当事人对不利结果的不满,增强裁判的可接受性。According to the differences in the effectiveness of similar cases,it could be categorized into two types:cases stored in the People's Court Case Database(including guiding cases)and ordinary cases.Based on Regulations on the Construction and Operation of the People's Court Case Database,judges should justify the inclusion of cases through reasoning in judgment.For ordinary cases,the Guiding Opinions on the Uniform Application of Law and Strengthening Case Retrieval(Trial)issued by the Supreme People's Court states that“judges may respond through clarification and other means”,but does not specify the procedures and methods for judges to address ordinary cases submitted by parties.Ordinary cases are the most frequently submitted cases by parties in judicial practice,so it is necessary to construct a response procedure for ordinary cases to concretize the“clarification and other response methods”.The parties shall select a limited number of similar cases according to the rules and submit them as reasons for defense;The judges guide the parties to debate whether the selected cases are substantially similar or not;after the debate procedure,judges will make reasoning in the judgment regarding whether or not to refer to the ordinary cases.Through the substantive participation of the parties and the procedural response mechanism of the judge to ordinary cases,the dissatisfaction of the parties with unfavorable results can be absorbed,and the acceptability of the judgment can be enhanced.

关 键 词：类案回应 普通类案 同案同判 可接受性裁判 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学]