备案审查结果的追溯力:效力判定及个案救济  

The Retroactivity of the Result of Recording Review:Validity Judgment and Case Relief

作　　者：刘国 LIU Guo

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2024年第4期91-103,共13页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“社会系统论视域下地方人大保证宪法全面实施的创新机制研究”(项目编号:23XFX011)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在备案审查中,规范性文件因抵触上位法而被纠正或撤销后的追溯力包括两个方面:该规范性文件在被纠正或撤销前的效力判定及由此而产生的个案救济。其中,规范性文件抵触上位法的效力判定应坚持三个原则和例外:向后失效为原则,自始无效为例外;立即失效为原则,定期失效为例外;功能适当为原则,介入立法为例外。规范性文件在被判定抵触上位法之后,遭受不利的当事人能否获得个案救济,需从法政策角度综合考量各方面因素,根据已决案件和未决案件的具体情形,并结合案件的类型而定。对于已决案件,应根据案件的性质决定能否获得救济;对于未决案件,则需区分原因案件和非原因案件的不同来决定能否获得救济。In recording review,the retrospective effect of normative documents after being corrected or revoked for violating the superior law includes two aspects:the determination of the validity of the normative documents and the resulting case relief before they are corrected.Among them,the determination of the effectiveness of normative documents in conflict with superior law includes three principles and exceptions:the principle of backward invalidity and the exception of initial invalidity;Immediate failure is the principle,and periodic failure is an exception;The principle is appropriate functionality,and intervention in legislation is an exception.After a normative document is determined to conflict with the superior law,whether the party suffering from disadvantage can obtain individual case relief requires a comprehensive consideration of various factors from the perspective of legal policies,based on the specific situation of the resolved and pending cases,and combined with the type of case.For resolved cases,the availability of relief should be determined based on the nature of the case;For pending cases,it is necessary to distinguish the causal and noncausal cases to determine whether relief can be obtained.

关 键 词：备案审查 规范性文件 溯及力 法律效力判定 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]