备案审查溯及力制度的实践探索与立法展望  

Practical Exploration and Legislative Prospect of the Retroactivity of Recording and Review System

作　　者：梁洪霞 LIANG Hongxia

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学行政法学院 [2]西南政法大学备案审查与宪法监督研究中心

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2024年第4期104-116,共13页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

基　　金：教育部哲社重大课题“构建中国特色宪法监督理论体系研究”(项目编号:23JZD025)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：备案审查的溯及力问题由于其复杂性至今尚未立法,系将来需要重点解决的疑难问题之一。立法机关在实践中大胆探索,已经草拟了多种溯及力立法方案,虽未定型却也积累了一定的经验。备案审查还通过个案推进的方式,选择典型案件演练溯及力决定方式和衡量标准,已初具成效。我国的备案审查溯及力立法须首先确立是否溯及的基本原则,再采取类型化的方式区分不同的溯及对象,最终形成结果相异、层次分明又疏密相当的体系性结构。未来的《中华人民共和国备案审查法》要专门规定溯及力条款,遵循“以不溯及既往为原则但溯及既往为例外”的指导思想,并详细列举司法裁判、行政行为、关联规范性文件、其他公权力行为等溯及例外事项,同时留有一定的裁量空间,通过利益衡量灵活应对可能出现的特殊情况。Due to the complexity and sensitivity of recording and review system,which has not yet been legislated.It is one of the most difficult issues requires to be solved in the future.In practice,the legislature has made bold explorations and drafted a variety of legislative schemes concerning retroactivity.Though it has not yet been finalized,a certain amount of experience has been accumulated.The typical cases have been selected to study the deciding method and measuring standard of retroactivity,which has made the preliminary progress.China's legislation about the retroactivity of recording review needs to establish the basic principle of whether to apply retroactivity,and then adopt a typological approach to distinguish different retroactive objects,so as to finally form a systematic structure,which will bring different results,clear framework with appropriate hierarchies.It is suggested that The Recording and Review Law of the People's Republic of China acted in the future should specifically stipulate retroactive provisions.It should obey the guiding rule of taking the principle of non-retroactivity but applying retroactive exceptions,and list the retroactive exceptions in detail,such as judicial rulings,administrative acts,related normative documents,and other acts of public power.At the same time,flexibility of discretion should be reserved,for the purpose of dealing with possible special occasion through interest measurement.

关 键 词：备案审查 溯及力 类型化 利益衡量 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]