论物的担保制度的法律构造  

On the Legal Structure of Secured Transactions

作　　者：董学立 黄福亮 DONG Xueli;HUANG Fuliang

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2024年第4期141-153,共13页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“民法典动产担保物权法的解释研究”(项目编号:24BFX056)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：物的担保制度的法律构造有两种型态:一种是为担保而移转权利自身,即所谓“权利移转型担保物权”;另一种是为担保而设立定限物权,即所谓“权利设立型担保物权”。考察物的担保制度演进史,“权利设立型担保物权”作为“权利移转型担保物权”的高级型态,在近代大陆法系各国民法典中全然替代了“权利移转型担保物权”;分析物的担保制度类型构成,近代民法法典化之后又在民法典外混合了“权利移转型担保物权”的现代担保物权制度,都是因其民法典内动产抵押权制度的立法缺位,或因民法典外动产抵押权单行法的立法短板所致。在中国《民法典》担保物权法不仅规定了极限动产抵押权,而且增加规定了“购置款抵押权”的立法情景下,其类型极尽宽泛的抵押权制度,已使得“权利移转型担保物权”类型及其制度成为多余。因此,既规定有“权利设立型担保物权”,又规定有“权利移转型担保物权”的中国《民法典》,对其当前司法解释和未来立法完善都提出了新要求。Regardless of the perspective of the evolutionary history,or the analysis of types of the existing secured transactions,there are two types of structure in secured transactions:one is to transfer the title itself in the purpose of secured transactions,which called“right-transferred security property rights”.The other is to establish property rights of secured transactions,which named as“right-established security property rights”.From the perspective of the evolution,as the advanced form,the“right-established security property rights”has completely replaced“right-transferred security property rights”in civil codes of modern civil systems.From the analysis of types of the exist secured transactions,those secured transactions legal systems that mixed“right-transferred security property rights”after codification are due to the shortcomings of personal property security legislation.China's Civil Code not only provides the provisions of ultimate personal property security,but also introduces“purchase money security interests”.Thus,the personal property security system in China's Civil Code has been completed and the“right-transferred security property rights”has become redundant.Therefore,China's Civil Code,which provides both“right-established security property rights”and“right-transferred security property rights”,put forward new requirements for its current judicial interpretation and future legislative improvement.

关 键 词：权利移转型担保物权 权利设立型担保物权 所有权让与担保 一般抵押权 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]