社会规范导向与政策工具类型:数字技术赋能社会行为引导的机制解释  

Social norms and policy instruments:Mechanisms of shaping social behavior in digital governance

作　　者：张勤 汝鹏[1] 秦晓阳 苏竣[1] ZHANG Qin;RU Peng;QIN Xiaoyang;SU Jun(School of Public Policy and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国软科学》2024年第11期67-76,共10页China Soft Science

基　　金：新一代人工智能国家科技重大专项(2023ZD0121600);国家自然科学基金面上项目(72074134);中移信息系统集成有限公司咨询项目(CMXX-202400540)。

摘　　要：智能社会下,如何借助数字技术有效引导个体的良好社会行为,成为优化社会治理的重要理论命题。数字身份码被广泛应用于规范社会行为,其本质是数字化表征治理对象的社会规范合规行为,进而叠加政策工具,实现社会行为引导的过程。社会规范导向和政策工具类型的适配情况对码治理成效产生影响。通过苏州、嵊州、缙云、温州四地案例研究发现,价值导向规范适配于倡导型政策,遵从导向规范适配于强制型政策。规范导向与政策工具未能适配,则数字技术并不能提升原先治理成效,甚至可能面临治理失效;两者适配良好,则可“锦上添花”提升治理效能。The effective application of digital technologies to guide individual social behavior has been a critical practical and theoretical issue in intelligent society governance.Digital identity codes(DICs),widely employed to regulate social behavior,function by digitally representing compliance with social norms and applying corresponding policy instruments.The effectiveness of DIC governance hinges on the alignment between social norm orientation and policy instruments.A case study of four local DIC practice reveals that value-oriented norms align with advocacy and incentive tools,while compliance-oriented norms align with coercive tools.When policy instruments and norm orientation are misaligned,digital technologies may not enhance but even hinder governance effectiveness.Conversely,proper alignment can significantly improve governance efficiency.

关 键 词：数字治理 社会规范 政策工具 社会行为 数字身份码 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学] TP399[政治法律—中外政治制度]