荷属东印度华侨蒙难与国民政府的护侨交涉(1945—1948)  

The Post-War Plight of Chinese in Dutch East Indies and Diplomacy of the Nationalist Government(1945—1948)

作　　者：余秋文 YU Qiu-wen(Institute of Modern Chinese History,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学中国近代史研究所,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《华侨华人历史研究》2024年第4期83-92,共10页Journal of Overseas Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：论文梳理了二战后国民政府保护荷印华侨的外交实践,分析了其背后的复杂动机与战略考量,进而揭示了战后国民政府面临的复杂局面。第二次世界大战结束后,荷属东印度爆发了独立战争。在此期间,荷属东印度华侨遭受了巨大的生命和财产损失。当时国民政府尚未与印尼共和国正式建立外交关系,只能依靠当地英军保护华侨,但护侨效果不彰。随后,文登地区爆发了大规模屠杀华侨的事件。国民政府试图联合英、美、澳等国进行争端调解,但因各国意见不一而暂时搁置。不久,国民政府派出以李迪俊为首的代表团前往荷属东印度宣慰华侨。然而,荷印华侨在“第一次警察行动”中再次遭受重创。国民政府随即通过多种渠道进行护侨交涉,促使荷兰与印尼共和国采取多项措施保护华侨。这一系列护侨交涉不仅体现了战后国民政府在外交与侨务方面的特点,也反映出中国在战后世界秩序重建过程中的艰难处境。This paper discusses the Nationalist Government’s post-war diplomacy to protect the overseas Chinese.After WWII,the Indonesian War of Independence broke out in the Dutch East Indies,followed by a massacre of Chinese in Wendeng,which together caused severe losses to the Chinese community there.In order to protect the despairing Chinese,the Nationalist Government managed to involve other parties such as America,Britain and Australia to intervene in this troubled region,as China had not yet established a diplomatic relationship with the local authorities.Unfortunately,all attempts proved a failure.Thereafter,the Nationalist Government deployed a delegation to the Dutch East Indies.Led by Li Dijun,the Chinese delegation had a series of negotiations with the Dutch colonial authorities and leaders of the Republic of Indonesia,which thankfully eventuated in multiple measures to put the Chinese under protection.The research discloses the complexity of overseas Chinese affairs that the Nationalist Government had to deal with after WWII.It also reveals China’s difficult position under the restructured world order of a new era.

关 键 词：荷属东印度 国民政府 侨务 护侨 宣慰华侨 

分 类 号：D634.334.2[政治法律—政治学]