有机物料品种和用量对设施土壤过量硝酸盐和硫酸盐的去除效果研究  

Study on the Removal Effect of Organic Material Varieties and Amended Amount on Excess Nitrate and Sulfate in Facility Soil

作　　者：朱睿 段增强[1,2] ZHU Rui;DUAN Zengqiang(State Key Laboratory of Soil&Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京211135 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤学报》2024年第6期1605-1615,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA23020000)资助。

摘　　要：淹水并添加有机物料的厌氧处理已被证明能够降低设施菜地土壤中的过量盐分,改善土壤质量。田间有机物料品种多样,关于筛选具有良好修复效果的有机物料的原则尚未有研究。本研究向次生盐渍化土壤中施用不同碳/氮(C/N)和碳/硫(C/S)的六种有机物料并进行淹水厌氧培养。结果显示,淹水并添加有机物料可快速创造出土壤的还原环境,在培养的第一天氧化还原电位(Eh)就已迅速降至0 mV附近,同时伴随土壤电导率(EC)、硫酸盐(SO_(4)^(2-))和硝酸盐(NO_(3)^(-)-N)的快速下降,至厌氧培养过程结束时,NO_(3)^(-)-N近乎被完全去除,有机物料的品种和添加量对NO_(3)^(-)-N的去除无显著影响。而C/S较低的油菜秸秆去除SO_(4)^(2-)的效果较弱,去除比例为58%,C/S较高的玉米秸秆可将SO_(4)^(2-)由初始的153mg·kg^(-1)降至17 mg·kg^(-1),降幅达89%。不同物料添加量仅影响SO_(4)^(2-)去除的速度而不影响最终的去除效果,至培养结束时,添加2g·kg^(-1)与添加8 g·kg^(-1)有机物料的处理去除SO_(4)^(2-)效果无显著差异。除有机硫含量显著升高外,其他形态硫的含量变化不明显,说明减少的SO_(4)^(2-)大部分转化成了有机硫。若以修复土壤中过量的SO_(4)^(2-)为目的,建议选用C/S较高的有机物料如玉米秸秆,并将添加量设置为2 g·kg^(-1)即可获得良好效果。【Objective】Flooding and organic matter addition to anaerobic treatment has been proven to reduce excess salt in greenhouse soil and improve soil quality.There are many types of organic matter in the field,so how to select effective materials is a key problem.【Method】Six types of organic materials with different carbon(C),nitrogen(N)and sulfur(S)proportions were selected and tested at two rates of 2 g·kg^(-1) and 8 g·kg^(-1).【Result】Flooding and organic matter addition can quickly create a reducing environment for soil.On the first day of incubation,the redox potential(Eh)rapidly decreased to around 0 mV,accompanied by a rapid decline in soil electrical conductivity(EC),SO_(4)^(2-),and NO_(3)^(-)-N.By the end of the anaerobic cultivation process,almost all NO_(3)^(-)-N had been removed,the variety and amount of organic matter added had no significant effect on NO_(3)^(-)-N removal.The effect of rapeseed straw with low C/S ratio on SO_(4)^(2-) removal was weak,with a removal rate of 58%.A high C/S ratio maize straw can reduce SO_(4)^(2-) from an initial concentration of 153 mg·kg^(-1) to 17 mg·kg^(-1),a decrease of 89%.Different amounts of added materials only affect the speed of SO_(4)^(2-) removal,but not the final removal effect.At the end of cultivation,there was no significant difference in SO_(4)^(2-) removal between treatments with 2 g·kg^(-1) and 8 g·kg^(-1) of organic matter added.The content of other forms of sulfur did not change significantly,indicating that most of the reduced SO_(4)^(2-) was converted into organic sulfur.【Conclusion】For the purpose of remediating excess SO_(4)^(2-) in soil,it is recommended to use organic materials with high C/S such as maize straw and set the addition amount at 2 g·kg^(-1) to obtain good results.

关 键 词：SO_(4)^(2-) NO_(3)^(-)-N 淹水还原 有机硫 碳/硫 玉米秸秆 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]