绿肥、秸秆和石灰联用对红壤性水稻土酸度特征和水稻产量的影响  

Effects of Green Manure,Rice Straw Return and Lime Combination on Soil Acidity and Rice Yield

作　　者：刘芳禧 方畅宇 庾振宇 高雅洁 张江林 鲁艳红[2,3] 廖育林 曹卫东[4] 聂军 屠乃美[1] LIU Fangxi;FANG Changyu;YU Zhenyu;GAO Yajie;ZHANG Jianglin;LU Yanhong;LIAO Yulin;CAO Weidong;NIE Jun;TU Naimei(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation(Hunan),Ministry of Agriculture,Changsha 410125,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125 [3]农业部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站,长沙410125 [4]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《土壤学报》2024年第6期1616-1627,共12页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金金项目(U19A2046);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700200);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-22-G-11)资助。

摘　　要：长期耕作和施肥加快了红壤性水稻土壤酸化,为研究绿肥、秸秆还田和石灰联用对水稻土壤酸度特征及水稻产量的影响,基于2016年开始的长期定位微区试验,探究不施肥(CK)、化肥(F)、化肥+紫云英+稻草还田(GRF)、化肥+紫云英+稻草还田+石灰(GRFL)处理对水稻产量、红壤性水稻土壤不同形态酸、土壤盐基离子及土壤酸碱缓冲容量的影响,解析土壤酸碱缓冲容量、交换性酸、有机质及交换性盐基离子之间的相关性。连续7年的微区试验结果表明,与F处理相比,GRF处理的早、晚稻产量分别提高了19.9%和5.1%,7年平均增产率分别为12.8%和5.9%;GRFL处理的早、晚稻产量分别提高了23.4%和14.2%,7年平均增产率分别为11.1%和8.9%。CK、F和GRF处理早、晚稻土壤pH均呈逐年下降的变化趋势,而GRFL处理早、晚稻土壤pH呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,下降幅度最小,且一直处于较高水平。同时,与F处理相比,GRF与GRFL处理显著提高了早、晚稻土壤交换性K^(+)、交换性盐基离子总量和酸碱缓冲容量,GRF与GRFL处理间无显著差异,但GRFL处理各指标均有提高的趋势。相关分析表明,pH与交换性酸、交换性H^(+)呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与酸碱缓冲容量、交换性Na^(+)、交换性Mg^(2+)、交换性盐基离子总量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);土壤酸碱缓冲容量主要与交换性酸、交换性H+、交换性Na^(+)和交换性Mg^(2+)有关,水稻产量与土壤酸度性质和养分作用有关,就本研究而言,土壤酸度性质的影响最大。研究结果表明,翻压绿肥、秸秆还田可有效缓解稻田土壤的酸化并提高水稻产量,增施石灰可增强其效果,交换性酸、交换性H^(+)、酸碱缓冲容量、交换性Na^(+)、交换性Mg^(2+)、交换性盐基离子总量是影响土壤pH的主要因素。【Objective】Long-term tillage and fertilization accelerate soil acidification of red loam rice.Thus,this study was designed to study the effects of green manure,straw return,and lime combination on the soil acidity characteristics of rice soil and rice yield.【Method】This study is based on the long-term positioning micro-area experiment started in 2016 to explore the effects of no fertilization(CK),chemical fertilizer(F),chemical fertilizer+milk vetch+rice straw return(GRF),chemical fertilizer+milk vetch+straw return(GRFL)treatment on rice yield and different forms of acid in red soil.The effects of soil salt-based ions and soil acid-base buffer capacity was resolved,and the correlation between soil acid-base buffer capacity,exchangeable acid,organic matter,and exchangeable salt-based ions was investigated.【Result】The results for seven consecutive years showed that compared with F treatment,the yield of early and late rice treated by GRF increased by 19.9% and 5.1%,respectively,and the average yield increase rate in 7 years was 12.8% and 5.9%,respectively.The yield of early and late rice treated by GRFL increased by 23.4% and 14.2%,respectively,and the average yield increase rate in 7 years was 11.1% and 8.9%,respectively.During this time,the soil pH of early and late rice treated with CK,F and GRF showed a decreasing trend year by year,while the soil pH value of GRFL treatment showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.Compared with F treatment,GRF and GRFL treatment significantly improved the exchangeable K,the total amount of exchangeable salt-based ions and the acid-base buffer capacity of early and late rice soil,and there was no significant difference between GRF and GRFL treatments,but all indexes of GRFL treatment showed an improvement trend.Correlation analysis showed that pH was negatively correlated with exchangeable acidity and exchangeable H^(+)(P<0.01)and positively correlated with acid-base buffer capacity,exchangeable Na+,exchangeable Mg^(2+),and the total amount of exchangea

关 键 词：绿肥 石灰 秸秆 水稻 长期定位微区试验 土壤酸度特征 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]