槟榔林下养鹅模式对植物多样性和土壤化学性质的影响  

Effects of Goose Raising Mode in Areca catechu Forest on Plant Diversity and Soil Chemical Properties

作　　者：余慧霖 周华 黄海 吴金群 陈海辉 余雪标 YU Huilin;ZHOU Hua;HUANG Hai;WU Jinqun;CHEN Haihui;YU Xuebiao(School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2024年第10期11-16,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划——海南典型槟榔园林下经济种养技术集成与示范项目(No.ZDYF2020075)。

摘　　要：研究林下养鹅密度对植物多样性和土壤环境的影响,可以为合理的林下养殖管理提供理论依据。以林龄为12年的槟榔林为试验对象,于2021年开始设置不同的养鹅密度试验处理(CK、A1、A2、A3处理的套养鹅分别为0、2、4、6只/64 m^(2)),研究槟榔林不同养鹅密度下的杂草数量、种类和多样性特征以及土壤理化学性质。结果表明:(1)随着养殖密度的增加,鹅养殖区域林下杂草的数量、种类均有所降低;养殖密度的增加使杂草的Margalef、Shannon和Simpson指数均呈现下降趋势,在养鹅6只/64 m^(2)(A3)时达到最低值,分别为0.08、0.13和0.09。(2)随着养殖密度的增加,鹅养殖活动区域土壤的pH和土壤有机质、氮、磷等养分整体呈现上升趋势:A2处理最大程度增加了土壤pH,高出对照4.58%;A3处理下土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾含量分别是CK对照的1.40、1.38、1.68和1.37倍;A2处理下土壤碱解氮含量为153.89 mg/kg,是CK对照的1.99倍(p<0.05),A1处理土壤有效磷、速效钾含量为56.50和77.11 mg/kg,显著高出CK对照25.32和33.86 mg/kg(p<0.05)。综上所述,随着槟榔林下养鹅密度的增加,鹅养殖活动区域内杂草数量、种类和生物多样性降低,土壤养分含量总体呈上升趋势,说明槟榔林下鹅群活动能够降低杂草丰富度,有利于提高土壤的养分水平。Studying the effects of understory goose rearing density on plant diversity and the soil environment can provide a theoretical basis for rational understory aquaculture management.The experiment was conducted with a 12-year-old Areca catechu forest.Different experimental treatments of goose rearing density treatments were set up from 2021 onward(0,2,4,and 6 geese/64 m^(2)in the set of CK,A1,A2,and A3 stand treatments,respectively)to study the number,species,and diversity characteristics of weeds,as well as the soil physicochemical properties under different geese rearing densities in the A.catechu forest.The results revealed that(1)with increasing goose rearing density,the number and species of understory weeds in the goose breeding area decreased;the increase in breeding density caused the Margalef,Shannon,and Simpson indices of the weeds to tend to decrease,and reached the lowest values of 0.08,0.13,and 0.09,respectively,when raising six geese·64 m^(-2)(A3).(2)With increasing breeding density,the pH value and soil organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus,and other nutrients of the soil in the area of geese breeding activities exhibited an overall rising trend:the maximum increase in soil pH value when raising four geese·64 m^(-2)(A2)was 4.58%higher than that in the control;the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium in the A3 treatment was 1.40,1.38,1.68,and 1.37 times of that of the control of CK;the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content was 153.89 mg×kg^(-1)(A2),which was 1.99 times higher than that of the CK(p<0.05),and the soil available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium contents were 56.50 mg×kg^(-1) and 77.11 mg×kg^(-1)(A1),respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the CK by 25.32 and 33.86 mg×kg^(-1)(p<0.05),while the soil available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium content was 56.50 and 77.11 mg×kg^(-1),which was significantly higher than that of the CK.In summary,as the density of geese raised under the Areca catechu fo

关 键 词：鹅 槟榔 林下养殖 土壤养分 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]