不同覆盖模式对云南橘园土壤养分特征及果实品质的影响  

Effects of Different Mulch Patterns on the Soil Nutrient Characteristics and Fruit Quality of Citrus Orchards in Yunnan

作　　者：付小猛[1] 李晶[1] 董建梅 刘红明[1] 杨虹霞[1] 杜玉霞[1] FU Xiaomeng;LI Jing;DONG Jianmei;LIU Hongming;YANG Hongxia;DU Yuxia(Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baoshan,Yunnan 678000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南保山678000

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2024年第10期40-46,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：云南省科技厅重大科技专项(No.202102AE090054);云南省农业基础研究联合专项(No.202101BD070001-036);现代农业(柑桔)产业技术体系建设专项(No.CARS-26)。

摘　　要：橘园是云南种植面积最大的果园生态系统,杂草管理是橘园管理不容忽视的重要工作之一。本研究拟通过田间试验探讨不同覆盖模式对云南橘园土壤有效养分变化及柑橘品质的影响,为优化云南橘园杂草管理措施提供理论依据。研究以在沃柑园行间种植崖州硬皮豆、紫花苜蓿、三叶草、防草布覆盖、自然生草和清耕处理为研究对象,分析探讨不同覆盖模式对云南橘园土壤有效养分变化及柑橘品质的影响。结果表明:不同覆盖模式对云南橘园土壤各矿质元素的影响不尽相同,通过对土壤肥力进行综合评估发现,清耕、崖州硬皮豆、自然生草、防草布处理下的土壤综合肥力处于Ⅱ级(一般水平),紫花苜蓿、三叶草处理下的土壤综合肥力处于Ⅲ级(低水平、贫瘠),提示作物处于缺肥状态。相比清耕处理,人工生草栽培(三叶草和紫花苜蓿)处理下的果实虽然个头较小但固酸比更高、风味更佳;防草布处理下的果实个头更大、品相更好,但固酸比较低、风味相对较差。果园生草并非一劳永逸,短时期内,果园生草的优势难以充分发挥,尤其在建立覆盖初期,精心的管理和必要的养分供给必不可少,要想充分发挥其效益,长期维护尤为重要。Citrus orchards constitute the largest orchard ecosystem in Yunnan,and weed management is a priority in citrus orchard management.This study explored the effects of different mulching modes on changes in soil available nutrients and citrus quality in Yunnan orange orchards through field experiments to provide theoretical basis for optimizing weed manage-ment measures in the Yunnan citrus orchards.In this study,the effects of different mulching patterns(Macrotyloma uniflorum‘Yazhou’,Medicago sativa,Trifolium repens,grassproof cloth,self-sown grass,and clean tillage)on soil available nutrients and citrus quality in Yunnan citrus orchards were analyzed and discussed.The effects of different mulching models on soil mineral elements in Yunnan citrus orchards were different.A comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility revealed that the com-prehensive soil fertility under the treatments of clear tillage,M.uniflorum‘Yazhou’,self-sown grass,and grassproof cloth was at level II(general level).The comprehensive soil fertility under M.sativa and T.repens treatments was at level III(low level,barren),indicating that the crops experienced fertilizer shortage.Compared with those under clear tillage,the fruits under artificial grass cultivation(T.repens and M.sativa)were smaller but presented a higher solid-acid ratio and better flavor.Fruits under the grassproof cloth treatment were bigger and better in appearance but had a lower solid-acid ratio and poorer flavor.The grass in the orchard is not planted once and for all.In a short period,it is hard to give full play to the advantages of cultivating grass in an orchard,especially in the initial stage of establishing coverage.Careful management and the necessary nutrient supply are essential to give full play to its benefits,and long-term maintenance is particularly crucial.

关 键 词：云南橘园 清耕 果园生草 防草布 土壤养分 果实品质 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]