吏弊防治:明代官方告示与基层吏役治理  

The Prevention and Treatment of Official Fraud:the Official Bulletin System and Management of Grass-roots Officials in Ming Dynasty

作　　者：刘涛 LIU Tao(School of Humanities,Shandong University of Aeronautics,Binzhou 256603,China)

机构地区：[1]山东航空学院人文学院,山东滨州256603

出　　处：《山东航空学院学报》2024年第5期101-110,共10页Journal of Binzhou University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“明代告示榜文与基层社会治理研究”(18BZS064)。

摘　　要：在明代,吏役之害十分严重。吏役在理办文书、处理刑名、征比钱粮和行使牌票过程中,多有贪赃不法行径。为了约束吏役行为,防范吏役之害,地方官员在莅任之初往往会颁布一些禁约告示,以明立堂规,严肃法纪。在任职期间,地方官员在处理各项事宜时,也多在发布的施政告示中告诫吏役不要违法犯罪。这些告示将官与民联系起来,在一定程度上起到了对吏役的劝谕、告诫和惩治的作用。但是,这种作用不宜夸大。官员以颁发告示为通行故套,吏役则将紧要告示隐匿不贴,这种假意振刷、虚应故事的现象仍大量存在。因此,对官员以告示方式治理社会、整饬吏役的实施效果,在肯定其积极作用的同时,对其存在的问题也应予以充分的认识。In Ming Dynasty,the harm of grass-roots officials was very serious.In the process of handling official documents,dealing with judicial trials,collecting taxes and exercising licenses,there were many illegal acts of corruption.In order to guard against the harm of official service,local officials often issued some bulletins to tighten the law and discipline and establish the rules at the beginning of their taking up the posts.During their term in the posts,when dealing with various matters,the local officials often issued bulletins to warn the petty officers not to break the law and commit crimes.These bulletins connected the officials with the people to a certain extent,which played the role of advising,admonishing and punishing petty officials.However,the role should not be overstated.Officials issued bulletins as a way to regulate petty officials,while petty officials hided and did not post the bulletins.Therefore,while the positive role of officials in governing society and rectifying official duties by means of bulletins was acknowledged,the existing problems should also be fully recognized.

关 键 词：明代 告示制度 吏役治理 州县衙门 地方官员 

分 类 号：K24[历史地理—历史学]