汉语祈使疑问句的特点及模型解释  

The Characteristics and Model Explanation of Chinese Imperative Interrogative Sentences

作　　者：苏瑶 彭家法[1] SU Yao;PENG Jia-fa(School of Arts,Anhui University,Hefei Anhui 230039,China;The Second Primary School Affiliated to Hefei Normal School,Hefei Anhui 230051,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学文学院,安徽合肥230039 [2]合肥师范附属第二小学,安徽合肥230051

出　　处：《齐齐哈尔大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第11期91-96,共6页Journal of Qiqihar University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：安徽省社科规划项目:询问句的形式语义和句法机制研究(AHSKY2020D133)。

摘　　要：汉语祈使疑问句指的是以疑问形式传递祈使义,且要求听话人以行动表示接受或者拒绝说话人的句子。“复合言语行为”模型可以用来解释汉语祈使疑问句相关特点。特点体现在主语、谓词、语气副词、语气词四个方面。主语只能为第一人称或第二人称,且第一人称主语只能用复数“我们”“咱们”“咱”,并且适用范围有限。汉语祈使疑问句的谓词形式可以是谓词原型或谓词变型,但谓词的变型只有两类:一是谓词+“一下”,二是重叠(ABAB、AA、A一A、AAB)。现代汉语中的功能类语气副词与意志类语气副词皆能够出现在汉语祈使疑问句中,但数量较少。能够进入祈使疑问句中的现代汉语典型语气词有四个:吗、呢、吧、啊(呀)。“吗”与“吧”是必须存在的,但是“呢”与“啊/呀”并不是必须存在的。The Chinese imperative interrogative sentence is a type of question that conveys an imperative meaning,expecting the listener to take action either in acceptance or rejection.This unique sentence structure can be elucidated through the “compound speech act” model.Its features are evident in four primary aspects:the subject,predicate,modal adverb,and modal particle.The subject in these sentences is typically first or second person.When the subject is “we,” it is used in the plural form,which has a limited scope of application.The predicate in Chinese imperative interrogatives can either be a standard predicate or a variant.However,there are only two types of predicate variants:one is the construction “predicate + ‘a',” and the other involves overlapping clauses(e.g.,ABAB,AA,A-A,AAB).In modern Chinese,while both functional mood adverbs and future mood adverbs can appear in such sentences,their occurrence is relatively infrequent.There are four typical modal particles found in modern Chinese that can be included in an imperative interrogative sentence:“Mo”,“er”,“ba”,and “ah”(with “ah” sometimes appearing as “ah/ah”).It's important to note that the use of “ah” and “ah/ah” is not mandatory.

关 键 词：祈使疑问句 特点 复合言语行为 模型 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]