专门矫治教育适用条件的实践反思与立法完善  

Reflection on the Practice and Legislative Improvement of the Applicable Conditions for Special Correction Education

作　　者：陈华[1] 梁伍[1] CHEN Hua;LIANG Wu(Guangxi Police College,Nanning Guangxi 530028,China)

机构地区：[1]广西警察学院,广西南宁530028

出　　处：《河南警察学院学报》2024年第6期18-25,共8页Journal of Henan Police College

基　　金：2023年广西哲学社会科学规划课题“新时代广西公安机关参与未成年人保护工作高质量发展研究”(23BFX004);2023年广西壮族自治区公安厅课题“大数据时代公安行政执法规范化研究”(2023GAYB052);2024年广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目“广西公安机关办理未成年人案件实证研究”(2024KY0882)。

摘　　要：《预防未成年人犯罪法》规定专门矫治教育属于国民教育体系的组成部分,是对有严重不良行为的未成年人进行教育和矫治的重要保护处分措施,但并未明确其适用条件。在相关配套实施办法阙如的情况下,有地方尝试出台相关规范性文件,但不同程度地存在着不区分专门教育与专门矫治教育适用年龄、不当设置限制性入学条件、评估标准不明确、适用期限规定缺失等问题,导致实践中专门学校“招生难”和“入学难”现象并存。为此,有必要加快《专门教育与专门矫治教育工作实施办法》立法进程,并在其中分别规定专门教育和专门矫治教育适用条件,统一专门学校入学条件,明确“必要时”的评估标准以及设置统一的适用期限,切实保护好严重不良行为未成年人的合法权益。According to the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency,the special correction education is a component of the national education system and an important protective measure for the education and correction of juveniles with serious misbehaviors,which,however,does not specify its applicable conditions.In the absence of relevant supporting implementation measures,some localities have attempted to introduce documents to normalize the special education,but there are problems such as not distinguishing between the applicable age of special education and special correction education,improper restrictive enrollment conditions,unclear evaluation standards,and lack of provisions on the applicable duration.In the course of practice,these issues have led to the coexistence of“recruitment difficulties”and“enrollment difficulties”in special schools.In this context,it is necessary to accelerate the legislation of the Measures for Implementation of Special Education and Special Correction Education.It is needed to work to specify the applicable conditions for special education and special correction education,unify the enrollment conditions for special schools,clarify the evaluation criteria for“when necessary”,and set uniform applicable durations.With these efforts,the legitimate rights and interests of minors with serious misbehaviors will be really protected.

关 键 词：专门矫治教育 专门教育 专门学校 严重不良行为 《预防未成年人犯罪法》 

分 类 号：D924.11[政治法律—刑法学]