刑法中行为单复数认定标准的反思与重塑  

Reflection on the Reshaping of the Criteria for Determining Singular Behavior and Plural Behaviors in Criminal Law

作　　者：张超 梁驭骁 ZHANG Chao;LIANG Yuxiao(School of Law,Southeast University,Nanjing Jiangsu 211189,China;Hunan Provincial People’s Procuratorate,Changsha Hunan 410001,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,江苏南京211189 [2]湖南省人民检察院,湖南长沙410001

出　　处：《河南警察学院学报》2024年第6期71-77,共7页Journal of Henan Police College

基　　金：2021年湖南省非物质文化遗产研究培训基地课题“我国非物质文化遗产的刑法保护研究”(21fyss04)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：刑法中行为单复数的认定不仅影响罪数的确定,而且关乎此罪与彼罪的界分。通说运用犯罪构成要件来区分行为的单复数,但在异种犯罪的构成要件部分重叠的场合,构成要件说不能妥当认定行为数量,《两抢意见》第九条第三款规定即适例。从自然视角观察,行为是否具有可分割性决定了行为的单复数,这种判断方式忽视了犯意对行为单复数认定的重要影响,容易导致重复评价。从规范论层面判断行为单复数兼顾了客观事实与主观内容,通过综合考察客观行为和主观意图所共同指向的法益数量,同时借助想象竞合的明示机能,能够确保行为性质评价的准确和充分,因此更具合理性。The determination of the number of behaviors not only affects the legal consequences,but also relates to the distinguish the crimes in the criminal law.It is generally said that the constituents of crime are used to distinguish between singular behavior and plural behaviors,but in cases where the elements of different types of crimes partially overlap,the constituents of crime cannot properly determine the number of behaviors.Article 9(3)of the Opinions on the Application of Law in the Trial of Criminal Cases of Robbery or Forcible Seizure(referred to as the Opinions on Robbery or Forcible Seizure)is an appropriate example.From a natural perspective,divisibility principle in behaviors determines its singular and plural forms.This judgment overlooks the important influence of criminal intent on the determination of singular and plural forms of behavior,which can easily lead to repeated evaluations.From the perspective of normativism,it is judged that the number of behaviors balance objective facts and subjective content.It is more reasonable to considerate the legal interests that the objective act and the subjective intention point to together,and to use the function of imagination to make clear that the evaluation of the nature of the act is accurate and sufficient.

关 键 词：行为单复数 绑架罪 抢劫罪 罪数论 禁止重复评价 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]